SafekipediaList of physical properties of glass
Adapted from Wikipedia · Adventurer experience
This is a list of some important things about how common glass behaves. The information comes from a big study, unless we say something else. For special kinds of glass like fused silica and germania glass, the facts come from the SciGlass glass database. This database finds the arithmetic mean of results from many tests.
The list here is not everything, but it has many helpful facts about glass. These facts help scientists and engineers pick the right glass for different things, like windows, lenses, or special tools.
| Properties | Soda–lime glass (for containers) | Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran) | Glass wool (for thermal insulation) | Special optical glass (similar to Lead crystal) | Fused silica | Germania glass | Germanium selenide glass |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical composition, wt% | 74 SiO2, 13 Na2O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al2O3, 0.3 K2O, 0.2 SO3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO2, 0.04 Fe2O3 | 81 SiO2, 12.5 B2O3, 4 Na2O, 2.2 Al2O3, 0.02 CaO, 0.06 K2O | 63 SiO2, 16 Na2O, 8 CaO, 3.3 B2O3, 5 Al2O3, 3.5 MgO, 0.8 K2O, 0.3 Fe2O3, 0.2 SO3 | 41.2 SiO2, 34.1 PbO, 12.4 BaO, 6.3 ZnO, 3.0 K2O, 2.5 CaO, 0.35 Sb2O3, 0.2 As2O3 | SiO2 | GeO2 | GeSe2 |
| Viscosity log(η, Pa·s) = A + B / (T in °C - To) | 550–1450 °C: A = -2.309 B = 3922 To = 291 | 550–1450 °C: A = -2.834 B = 6668 To = 108 | 550–1400 °C: A = -2.323 B = 3232 To = 318 | 500–690 °C: A = -35.59 B = 60930 To = -741 | 1140–2320 °C: A = -7.766 B = 27913 To = -271.7 | 515–1540 °C: A = -11.044 B = 30979 To = −837 | |
| Glass transition temperature, Tg, °C | 573 | 536 | 551 | ~540 | 1140 | 526 ± 27 | 395 |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion, ppm/K, ~100–300 °C | 9 | 3.5 | 10 | 7 | 0.55 | 7.3 | |
| Density at 20 °C, [g/cm3], x1000 to get [kg/m3] | 2.52 | 2.235 | 2.550 | 3.86 | 2.203 | 3.65 | 4.16 |
| Refractive index nD at 20 °C | 1.518 | 1.473 | 1.531 | 1.650 | 1.459 | 1.608 | 1.7 |
| Dispersion at 20 °C, 104×(nF - nC) | 86.7 | 72.3 | 89.5 | 169 | 67.8 | 145 | |
| Young's modulus at 20 °C, GPa | 72 | 65 | 75 | 67 | 72 | 43.3 | |
| Shear modulus at 20 °C, GPa | 29.8 | 28.2 | 26.8 | 31.3 | |||
| Liquidus temperature, °C | 1040 | 1070 | 1715 | 1115 | |||
| Heat capacity at 20 °C, J/(mol·K) | 49 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 44 | 52 | |
| Surface tension, at ~1300 °C, mJ/m2 | 315 | 370 | 290 | ||||
| Chemical durability, Hydrolytic class, after ISO 719 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
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This article is a child-friendly adaptation of the Wikipedia article on List of physical properties of glass, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.