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Voiceless retroflex fricative

Adapted from Wikipedia · Adventurer experience

A voiceless retroflex sibilant fricative is a special sound used in some spoken languages. It is made by curling the tip of the tongue backward toward the roof of the mouth and gently blowing air out. The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ʂ⟩, which looks like an "s" with a little hook on the bottom.

This sound is part of a group called retroflex consonants, which are made with the tongue turned back. The hook on the symbol helps show that the sound is made this way. Most languages use only one kind of this sound, but the language Toda has more than one, using different parts of the tongue and different places in the mouth to make slightly different sounds.

Features

The voiceless retroflex fricative is a special sound used in some languages. It is made by shaping the tongue in a certain way and pushing air through it without using the voice.

This sound is made when the tongue curls back slightly, and air is forced through a narrow space, making a hissing-like quality. It is one of many sounds that help make words unique in different languages around the world.

Occurrence

Some languages have a special sound called the voiceless retroflex sibilant fricative, shown with the symbol ⟨ʂ⟩. To make this sound, curl the tongue back and make a soft hissing noise without using your voice.

This sound is found in about 6% of the world's languages in a group of 2155 languages.

LanguageWordIPAMeaning
Abkhazамш / amš[ɑmʂ]'day'
Adygheпшъашъэ / پصاصە / pŝaŝə[pʂ̻aːʂ̻a]'girl'
ChineseMandarin / shí[ʂ̺ɻ̩˧˥]'stone'
Emilian-RomagnolRomagnolsé[ˈʂĕ]'yes'
EnglishGeneral Americanworship[wəɹʂɪp]'worship'
Faroesers[fʊʂ]'eighty'
HindustaniHindiकष्ट / kaṣṭ[ˈkəʂʈ]'trouble'
Hmong𖬤𖬵 / sau[ʂau˧]'to write'
Kannadaಕಷ್ಟ / kaṣṭa[kɐʂʈɐ]'difficult'
KhantyMost northern dialectsшаш / šaš[ʂɑʂ]'knee'
KyrgyzОш / Oş[o̞ʂ]'Osh'
Lower Sorbianglažk[ˈɡläʂk]'glass'
Malayalamകഷ്ടം / kaṣṭaṁ[kɐʂʈɐm]'difficult'
Mapudunguntrukur[ʈ͡ʂʊ̝ˈkʊʂ]'fog'
Marathiषी / reṣī[r̩ʂiː]'sage'
Nepaliषष्ठी / ṣaṣṭhī[sʌʂʈʰi]'Shashthi (day)'
Norwegiankarsk[kaʂk]'healthy'
OʼodhamCuk on[t͡ʃʊk ʂ̺ɔn]'Tucson'
PashtoSouthern dialectښودل / šodël[ʂodəl]'to show'
PolishStandardszum[ʂ̻um]'rustle'
Southeastern Cuyavian dialectsschowali[ʂxɔˈväli]'they hid'
Suwałki dialect
RomanianMoldavian dialectsșură['ʂurə]'barn'
Transylvanian dialects
Russianшут / šut[ʂut̪]'jester'
Scottish GaelicLewisceart[kʲʰäʂʈ]'right'
Harris[kʲʰäʂt̪]
North Uist and Benbecula[kʲʰæʂt̪]
Skye
Serbo-Croatianšal / шал[ʂâ̠ːl]'scarf'
Slovakšatka[ˈʂätkä]'kerchief'
Swedishfors[ˈfɔʂː]'rapids'
Tamilகஷ்டம் / kaṣṭam[kɐʂʈɐm]'difficult'
Teluguకష్టం / kaṣṭam
Toda[pɔʂ]'(clan name)'
Torwaliݜیݜ / šeš[ʂeʂ]'thin rope'
Ubykh[ʂ̺a]'head'
Ukrainianшахи / šahy[ˈʂɑxɪ]'chess'
Upper SorbianSome dialects
VietnameseSouthern dialectssữa[ʂɨə˧ˀ˥]'milk'
Yi / shy[ʂ̺ɹ̩˧]'gold'
Yuroksegep[ʂɛɣep]'coyote'
ZapotecTilquiapan

Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative

Features

A voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative is a special sound used in some languages. It is made by narrowing the airflow in the mouth, which creates a rough sound. The sound is made at the back of the mouth with the tongue curled up.

This sound is made without using the voice, so the vocal cords do not vibrate. It is an oral sound, meaning the air does not come out through the nose. The air is pushed out using the muscles between the ribs and in the belly, just like with most other sounds we make when speaking.

Voiceless retroflex approximant

Some experts think there is also a sound called the voiceless retroflex approximant, which is a bit different. It might be written with a special symbol in language studies.

LanguageWordIPAMeaning
OrmuriKaniguram dialectsuř[suɻ̝̊]'red'
LanguageWordIPAMeaning
Angamiɻ̥ə³[ɻ̥ə˨]'to plan'
Chokri[təɻ̥ɨ˥˧]'sew'
Faroesebert[pɛɻ̊ʈ]'only'

Related articles

This article is a child-friendly adaptation of the Wikipedia article on Voiceless retroflex fricative, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.