Voiceless retroflex fricative
Adapted from Wikipedia · Adventurer experience
A voiceless retroflex sibilant fricative is a special sound used in some spoken languages. It is made by curling the tip of the tongue backward toward the roof of the mouth and gently blowing air out. The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ʂ⟩, which looks like an "s" with a little hook on the bottom.
This sound is part of a group called retroflex consonants, which are made with the tongue turned back. The hook on the symbol helps show that the sound is made this way. Most languages use only one kind of this sound, but the language Toda has more than one, using different parts of the tongue and different places in the mouth to make slightly different sounds.
Features
The voiceless retroflex fricative is a special sound used in some languages. It is made by shaping the tongue in a certain way and pushing air through it without using the voice.
This sound is made when the tongue curls back slightly, and air is forced through a narrow space, making a hissing-like quality. It is one of many sounds that help make words unique in different languages around the world.
Occurrence
Some languages have a special sound called the voiceless retroflex sibilant fricative, shown with the symbol ⟨ʂ⟩. To make this sound, curl the tongue back and make a soft hissing noise without using your voice.
This sound is found in about 6% of the world's languages in a group of 2155 languages.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | амш / amš | [ɑmʂ] | 'day' | |
| Adyghe | пшъашъэ / پصاصە / pŝaŝə | [pʂ̻aːʂ̻a]ⓘ | 'girl' | |
| Chinese | Mandarin | 石 / shí | [ʂ̺ɻ̩˧˥] | 'stone' |
| Emilian-Romagnol | Romagnol | sé | [ˈʂĕ] | 'yes' |
| English | General American | worship | [wəɹʂɪp] | 'worship' |
| Faroese | fýrs | [fʊʂ] | 'eighty' | |
| Hindustani | Hindi | कष्ट / kaṣṭ | [ˈkəʂʈ] | 'trouble' |
| Hmong | 𖬤𖬵 / sau | [ʂau˧] | 'to write' | |
| Kannada | ಕಷ್ಟ / kaṣṭa | [kɐʂʈɐ] | 'difficult' | |
| Khanty | Most northern dialects | шаш / šaš | [ʂɑʂ] | 'knee' |
| Kyrgyz | Ош / Oş | [o̞ʂ]ⓘ | 'Osh' | |
| Lower Sorbian | glažk | [ˈɡläʂk] | 'glass' | |
| Malayalam | കഷ്ടം / kaṣṭaṁ | [kɐʂʈɐm] | 'difficult' | |
| Mapudungun | trukur | [ʈ͡ʂʊ̝ˈkʊʂ] | 'fog' | |
| Marathi | ऋषी / reṣī | [r̩ʂiː] | 'sage' | |
| Nepali | षष्ठी / ṣaṣṭhī | [sʌʂʈʰi] | 'Shashthi (day)' | |
| Norwegian | karsk | [kaʂk]ⓘ | 'healthy' | |
| Oʼodham | Cuk Ṣon | [t͡ʃʊk ʂ̺ɔn] | 'Tucson' | |
| Pashto | Southern dialect | ښودل / šodël | [ʂodəl] | 'to show' |
| Polish | Standard | szum | [ʂ̻um]ⓘ | 'rustle' |
| Southeastern Cuyavian dialects | schowali | [ʂxɔˈväli] | 'they hid' | |
| Suwałki dialect | ||||
| Romanian | Moldavian dialects | șură | ['ʂurə] | 'barn' |
| Transylvanian dialects | ||||
| Russian | шут / šut | [ʂut̪] | 'jester' | |
| Scottish Gaelic | Lewis | ceart | [kʲʰäʂʈ] | 'right' |
| Harris | [kʲʰäʂt̪] | |||
| North Uist and Benbecula | [kʲʰæʂt̪] | |||
| Skye | ||||
| Serbo-Croatian | šal / шал | [ʂâ̠ːl] | 'scarf' | |
| Slovak | šatka | [ˈʂätkä] | 'kerchief' | |
| Swedish | fors | [ˈfɔʂː]ⓘ | 'rapids' | |
| Tamil | கஷ்டம் / kaṣṭam | [kɐʂʈɐm] | 'difficult' | |
| Telugu | కష్టం / kaṣṭam | |||
| Toda | [pɔʂ] | '(clan name)' | ||
| Torwali | ݜیݜ / šeš | [ʂeʂ] | 'thin rope' | |
| Ubykh | [ʂ̺a] | 'head' | ||
| Ukrainian | шахи / šahy | [ˈʂɑxɪ] | 'chess' | |
| Upper Sorbian | Some dialects | — | — | |
| Vietnamese | Southern dialects | sữa | [ʂɨə˧ˀ˥] | 'milk' |
| Yi | ꏂ / shy | [ʂ̺ɹ̩˧] | 'gold' | |
| Yurok | segep | [ʂɛɣep] | 'coyote' | |
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan | — | — | |
Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative
Features
A voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative is a special sound used in some languages. It is made by narrowing the airflow in the mouth, which creates a rough sound. The sound is made at the back of the mouth with the tongue curled up.
This sound is made without using the voice, so the vocal cords do not vibrate. It is an oral sound, meaning the air does not come out through the nose. The air is pushed out using the muscles between the ribs and in the belly, just like with most other sounds we make when speaking.
Voiceless retroflex approximant
Some experts think there is also a sound called the voiceless retroflex approximant, which is a bit different. It might be written with a special symbol in language studies.
Related articles
This article is a child-friendly adaptation of the Wikipedia article on Voiceless retroflex fricative, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
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