Battle of Anchialus (708)

The Battle of Anchialus occurred in 708 near the modern-day town of Pomorie, Bulgaria. This battle was fought between the forces of the Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantine Empire. It took place close to the coast, showing the importance of the area for both empires at that time.

The battle is remembered as an important event in the long history between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire. It helped shape the power and borders in the region during the early 8th century. Today, the site near Pomorie stands as a reminder of the ancient struggles and changes that helped form the history of Europe.

Origins of the conflict

In 705, the Bulgarian leader Tervel helped the former ruler of Byzantium, Justinian II, return to power after he had been away for ten years. As a thank you, Justinian gave the Bulgarians a lot of gold, silver, and silk. He also gave them a region called "Zagore," which lies between Stara Zagora, Sliven, and the Black Sea. Later, Justinian felt powerful enough to attack Bulgaria and take back control of these areas.

Battle

The Byzantines set up their camp near the Anchialus fortress without knowing the Bulgarian army was nearby. While the Byzantines were collecting food, Tervel and his cavalry attacked the Byzantine troops, and the Bulgarian infantry attacked the camp at the same time.

The Byzantines were caught by surprise and most of them were either captured or lost in the battle, along with many horses and weapons. The emperor was one of the few who made it back to the fortress and escaped to Constantinople on a ship.

Aftermath

After the battle, the Bulgarians kept their new lands for many years. Later, in 711, there was a big problem in the empire, and the leader, Justinian II, asked for help. A leader named Tervel sent him 3,000 soldiers. After some fighting, the new emperor allowed them to return safely to Bulgaria, but later had Justinian II executed.