Greek democracy

During the Classical era and Hellenistic era of Classical Antiquity, many city-states in Greece had governments called democracies. In these democracies, free adult men who were born in the city could help make important decisions for their city. They could vote on things like declaring war, spending money, sending out diplomatic missions, and ratifying treaties.

One of the best-known examples of Greek democracy was in Athens. But many other cities, like Corinth, Megara, and Syracuse, also had democratic governments at different times in their history. Over time, more and more Greek cities began using democratic ways of governing. By the end of the 4th century BC, about half of all the Greek cities may have had democratic systems.

Federal democracy

From the 4th to the early 2nd centuries BC, the focus of Greek politics moved from single city-states to groups called federal leagues, like the Aetolian League and the Achaean League. These leagues were confederations where member cities worked together on foreign and military matters. Each city had a say in the league based on its size and power. However, within each city, decision-making was often controlled by wealthy leaders or a single powerful ruler, known as a Tyrant.

These new leagues were different from older groups like the Peloponnesian League, the Delian League, and the League of Corinth. Unlike the older leagues, which were led by one strong city such as Athens, Sparta, or Macedon, these federal leagues did not have a single dominant leader.