List of Wildlife Species at Risk (Canada)

As of November 2024, Canada has a list of more than 600 wildlife species considered at risk of disappearing. These species include 301 that are in danger of disappearing completely, 147 that are at risk, 200 that need special care, and 23 that no longer live in the wild in Canada but still exist somewhere else in the world. About 65 percent of Canada’s wildlife is safe and not at risk.

The Government of Canada keeps a detailed list of all plant and animal species that are special concern, threatened, in danger, no longer in Canada, or completely gone. This list is part of an important law called the Species at Risk Act. Protecting these species helps keep Canada’s natural world healthy and beautiful for everyone.

SARA Schedule

Species listed on SARA Schedule I get special protection under Canadian law. This means their homes and the animals themselves are kept safe from harm. When a species is added to this list, a team works on a plan to help it recover.

The Minister of the Environment adds new species to this list each year. They follow advice from the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, a group of experts who study the animals. Even though these experts give important information, only the official list under SARA Schedule I gives legal protection in Canada.

Mammals

Canada has many mammals that need special care to keep them safe. Some of these animals are no longer found in the wild in Canada but still exist elsewhere. Others are in danger of disappearing, and some are at risk but not as urgent.

Here are some examples:

Extirpated mammals

• grey whale (Atlantic population)
• black-footed ferret
• Atlantic walrus (northwest Atlantic population)

Endangered mammals

• sei whale (Pacific population)
• blue whale
• North Atlantic right whale
• wolverine (eastern population)
• northern bottlenose whale (Scotian Shelf population)
• Vancouver Island marmot
• American marten (Newfoundland population)
• orca or killer whale (Pacific southern resident population)
• woodland caribou (Atlantic/Gaspésie population)
• Townsend's mole
• Pacific water shrew
• American badger; jacksoni subspecies
• American badger; jeffersonii subspecies
• swift fox

Threatened mammals

• pallid bat
• fin whale (Pacific population)
• wood bison
• sea otter
• beluga whale (St. Lawrence Estuary population)
• Haida ermine
• humpback whale (North Pacific population)
• killer whale (northeast Pacific transient population)
• killer whale (northeast Pacific northern resident population)
• woodland caribou (boreal population)
• woodland caribou (southern mountain population)
• grey fox

Mammals of special concern

• bowhead whale (Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort population)
• fin whale (Atlantic population)
• eastern wolf
• sea otter
• black-tailed prairie dog
• grey whale (eastern North Pacific population)
• spotted bat
• Steller sea lion
• woodland vole
• killer whale (Northeast Pacific offshore population)
• harbour porpoise (Pacific Ocean population)
• woodland caribou (northern mountain population)
• eastern mole
• Nuttall's cottontail, nuttallii subspecies
• polar bear

Birds

Canada has many bird species that need protection to keep them from disappearing. Some birds are considered to have gone away from Canada but still exist in other places. Others are in danger, meaning they might disappear soon if we don’t help them. There are also birds that we should watch closely to make sure they stay safe.

Here are some of the birds that need our help:

Extirpated birds

• Tympanuchus cupido — greater prairie-chicken

Endangered birds

• Ammodramus henslowii — Henslow's sparrow
• Athene cunicularia — burrowing owl
• Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus — greater sage-grouse, urophasianus subspecies
• Charadrius melodus circumcinctus — piping plover, circumcinctus subspecies
• Charadrius melodus melodus — piping plover, melodus subspecies
• Charadrius montanus — mountain plover
• Colinus virginianus — northern bobwhite
• Dendroica kirtlandii — Kirtland's warbler
• Empidonax virescens — Acadian flycatcher
• Eremophila alpestris strigata — horned lark, strigata subspecies
• Grus americana — whooping crane
• Icteria virens auricollis (British Columbia population) — yellow-breasted chat, auricollis subspecies
• Lanius ludovicianus migrans — loggerhead shrike, migrans subspecies
• Loxia curvirostra percna — red crossbill, percna subspecies
• Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei — western screech-owl, macfarlanei subspecies
• Numenius borealis — Eskimo curlew
• Oreoscoptes montanus — sage thrasher
• Picoides albolarvatus — white-headed woodpecker
• Pooecetes gramineus affinis — vesper sparrow, affinis subspecies
• Protonotaria citrea — prothonotary warbler
• Rallus elegans — king rail
• Sphyrapicus thyroideus — Williamson's sapsucker
• Sterna dougallii — roseate tern
• Strix occidentalis caurina — spotted owl, caurina subspecies
• Tyto furcata (eastern population) — American barn owl

Threatened birds

• Accipiter gentilis laingi — northern goshawk, laingi subspecies
• Aegolius acadicus brooksi — northern saw-whet owl, brooksi subspecies
• Anthus spragueii — Sprague's pipit
• Brachyramphus marmoratus — marbled murrelet
• Falco peregrinus anatum — peregrine falcon, anatum subspecies
• Ixobrychus exilis — least bittern
• Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides — loggerhead shrike, excubitorides subspecies
• Phoebastria albatrus — short-tailed albatross
• Puffinus creatopus — pink-footed shearwater
• Riparia riparia - bank swallow
• Rhodostethia rosea — Ross' gull
• Vermivora chrysoptera — golden-winged warbler
• Wilsonia citrina — hooded warbler

Birds of special concern

• Bucephala islandica (eastern population) — Barrow's goldeneye
• Coturnicops noveboracensis — yellow rail
• Dendroica cerulea — cerulean warbler
• Falco peregrinus pealei — peregrine falcon, pealei subspecies
• Histrionicus histrionicus (eastern population) — harlequin duck
• Icteria virens virens — yellow-breasted chat, virens subspecies
• Megascops kennicottii kennicottii — western screech-owl, kennicottii subspecies
• Melanerpes lewis — Lewis' woodpecker
• Numenius americanus — long-billed curlew
• Otus flammeolus — flammulated owl
• Pagophila eburnea — ivory gull
• Passerculus sandwichensis princeps — Savannah sparrow, princeps subspecies
• Rhynchophanes mccownii — thick-billed longspur
• Seiurus motacilla — Louisiana waterthrush
• Synthliboramphus antiquus — ancient murrelet
• Tyto furcata (western population) — American barn owl

Reptiles

Some reptiles in Canada are in danger and need protection. Here are a few examples:

Extirpated reptiles

These reptiles no longer live in the wild in Canada, but they still exist somewhere else in the world.

• Actinemys marmorata — Pacific pond turtle
• Crotalus horridus — timber rattlesnake
• Phrynosoma douglasii — pygmy short-horned lizard
• Pituophis catenifer catenifer — Pacific gophersnake

Endangered reptiles

These reptiles are in big trouble and could disappear from Canada very soon.

• Chrysemys picta bellii (Pacific Coast population) — western painted turtle
• Clemmys guttata — spotted turtle
• Coluber constrictor foxii — blue racer
• Contia tenuis — sharp-tailed snake
• Dermochelys coriacea — leatherback seaturtle
• Emydoidea blandingii (Nova Scotia population) — Blanding's turtle
• Eumeces septentrionalis — prairie skink
• Hypsiglena torquata — nightsnake

Threatened reptiles

These reptiles are at risk but not as much as endangered ones. They might become endangered if we don't help them.

• Apalone spinifera — spiny softshell
• Coluber constrictor flaviventris — eastern yellow-bellied racer
• Crotalus oreganus — western rattlesnake
• Elaphe gloydi — eastern foxsnake
• Elaphe spiloides — grey ratsnake
• Emydoidea blandingii (Great Lakes / St. Lawrence population) — Blanding's turtle
• Heterodon platirhinos — eastern hog-nosed snake
• Pituophis catenifer deserticola — Great Basin gophersnake
• Regina septemvittata — queen snake
• Sistrurus catenatus — massasauga
• Sternotherus odoratus — stinkpot
• Thamnophis butleri — Butler's gartersnake
• Thamnophis saurita (Atlantic population) — eastern ribbonsnake

Reptiles of special concern

These reptiles are not in immediate danger, but we should watch them to make sure they stay safe.

• Charina bottae — rubber boa
• Chrysemys picta bellii (intermountain–Rocky Mountain population) — western painted turtle
• Coluber constrictor mormon — western yellow-bellied racer
• Eumeces skiltonianus — western skink
• Graptemys geographica — northern map turtle
• Lampropeltis triangulum — milksnake
• Thamnophis saurita (Great Lakes population) — eastern ribbonsnake

Amphibians

Extirpated amphibians

• Ambystoma tigrinum (Great Lakes population) — tiger salamander

Endangered amphibians

• Acris crepitans — northern cricket frog
• Ambystoma texanum — small-mouthed salamander
• Ambystoma tigrinum (southern mountain population) — tiger salamander
• Ascaphus montanus — Rocky Mountain tailed frog
• Rana pipiens (southern mountain population) — northern leopard frog
• Rana pretiosa — Oregon spotted frog

Threatened amphibians

• Ambystoma jeffersonianum — Jefferson salamander
• Bufo fowleri — Fowler's toad
• Desmognathus ochrophaeus — Allegheny Mountain dusky salamander
• Dicamptodon tenebrosus — coastal giant salamander
• Spea intermontana — Great Basin spadefoot

Amphibians of special concern

• Ascaphus truei — coast tailed frog
• Bufo boreas — western toad
• Bufo cognatus — Great Plains toad
• Gyrinophilus porphyriticus — spring salamander
• Plethodon idahoensis — Coeur d'Alene salamander
• Rana aurora — red-legged frog
• Rana pipiens (western boreal/prairie populations) — northern leopard frog

Fish

Some fish in Canada are at risk and need protection. These fish are in different groups depending on how much danger they are in.

Extirpated fish

These fish are no longer found in the wild in Canada, but they still exist somewhere else in the world:

• _Erimystax x-punctatus — gravel chub
• _Polyodon spathula — paddlefish

Endangered fish

These fish are in serious danger of disappearing forever:

• _Acipenser transmontanus — white sturgeon
• Catostomus catostomus subsp. — Salish sucker
• _Coregonus huntsmani — Atlantic whitefish
• _Coregonus reighardi — shortnose cisco
• Gasterosteus sp. — benthic Enos Lake stickleback
• Gasterosteus sp. — benthic Paxton Lake stickleback
• Gasterosteus sp. — benthic Vananda Creek stickleback
• Gasterosteus sp. — limnetic Enos Lake stickleback
• Gasterosteus sp. — limnetic Paxton Lake stickleback
• Gasterosteus sp. — limnetic Vananda Creek stickleback
• _Lampetra richardsoni var. marifuga — Morrison Creek lamprey
• _Moxostoma hubbsi — copper redhorse
• _Notropis anogenus — pugnose shiner
• _Noturus stigmosus — northern madtom
• Rhinichthys cataractae subsp. — Nooksack dace
• _Salmo salar (Inner Bay of Fundy populations) — Atlantic salmon
• _Salvelinus fontinalis timagamiensis — aurora trout

Threatened fish

These fish are at risk but not as dangerous as endangered fish:

• _Ammocrypta pellucida — eastern sand darter
• _Anarhichas denticulatus — northern wolffish
• _Anarhichas minor — spotted wolffish
• _Cottus confusus — shorthead sculpin
• Cottus paulus — pygmy sculpin
• Cottus sp. (St. Mary and Milk River populations) — eastslope sculpin
• _Erimyzon sucetta — lake chubsucker
• _Hybognathus argyritis — western silvery minnow
• _Lampetra macrostoma — Vancouver lamprey
• _Lepisosteus oculatus — spotted gar
• _Notropis percobromus — carmine shiner
• _Osmerus spectrum — Lake Utopia dwarf smelt
• _Percina copelandi — channel darterm

Fish of special concern

These fish need watching to make sure they don't get into more trouble:

• _Acipenser medirostris — green sturgeon
• _Anarhichas lupus — Atlantic wolffish
• _Coregonus kiyi kiyi — Upper Great Lakes kiyi
• _Cottus hubbsi — Columbia sculpin
• _Esox americanus vermiculatus — grass pickerel
• _Fundulus diaphanus (Newfoundland population) — banded killifish
• _Fundulus notatus — blackstripe topminnow
• _Lepomis gulosus — warmouth
• _Macrhybopsis storeriana — silver chub
• _Minytrema melanops — spotted sucker
• _Moxostoma carinatum — river redhorse
• _Myoxocephalus thompsonii (Great Lakes–Western St. Lawrence populations) — deepwater sculpin
• _Notropis bifrenatus — bridle shiner
• _Opsopoeodus emiliae — pugnose minnow

Arthropods

Canada has many insects and other small creatures that are in danger. Some of these are no longer found in Canada but still exist in other places. Others are at risk of disappearing.

Here are some examples:

Extirpated arthropods

• Callophrys (Incisalia) irus — frosted elfin
• Euchloe ausonides — island marble
• Plebejus melissa samuelis — Karner blue

Endangered arthropods

• Apodemia mormo (southern mountain population) — Mormon metalmark
• Bombus affinis - rusty-patched bumble bee
• Bombus bohemicus - gypsy cuckoo bumble bee
• Brychius hungerfordi - Hungerford's crawling water beetle
• Cicindela patruela - Northern Barrens tiger beetle
• Coenonympha nipisiquit — maritime ringlet
• Copablepharon fuscum — sand-verbena moth
• Erynnis persius persius — eastern Persius duskywing
• Erynnis martialis - mottled duskywing
• Euphydryas editha taylori — Taylor's checkerspot
• Gomphus ventricosus - skillet clubtail
• Hemileuca sp. - bogbean buckmoth
• Hesperia ottoe — Ottoe skipper
• Papaipema aweme — Aweme borer
• Icaricia saepiolus insulanus — island blue
• Prodoxus quinquepunctellus — five-spotted bogus yucca moth
• Satyrium semiluna — half-moon hairstreak
• Schinia avemensis — gold-edged gem
• Schinia bimatris — white flower moth
• Somatochlora hineana - Hine's emerald
• Stylurus amnicola - riverine clubtail
• Stylurus laurae - Laura's clubtail
• Stylurus olivaceus - olive clubtail
• Tegeticula corruptrix — non-pollinating yucca moth
• Tegeticula yuccasella — yucca moth

Threatened arthropods

• Apodemia mormo (prairie population) — Mormon metalmark
• Euphyes vestris (western population) — dun skipper
• Hesperia dacotae — Dakota skipper
• Oarisma poweshiek — Poweshiek skipperling
• Satyrium behrii columbia — Behr's hairstreak, columbia subspecies

Arthropods of special concern

• Danaus plexippus — monarch
• Limenitis weidemeyerii — Weidemeyer's admiral
• Polites sonora — Sonora skipper

Molluscs

Some molluscs in Canada are at risk and need protection. These include species that are no longer found in the wild in Canada, species that are in danger of disappearing, and species that are at risk but not as urgent.

Extirpated molluscs

• Alasmidonta heterodon — dwarf wedgemussel
• Cryptomastix devia — Puget Oregonian snail

Endangered molluscs

• Allogona townsendiana — Oregon forestsnail
• Epioblasma torulosa rangiana — northern riffleshell
• Epioblasma triquetra — snuffbox
• Haliotis kamtschatkana — northern abalone
• Lampsilis fasciola — wavy-rayed lampmussel
• Obovaria subrotunda — round hickorynut
• Physella johnsoni — Banff Springs snail
• Physella wrighti — hotwater physa
• Pleurobema sintoxia — round pigtoe
• Prophysaon coelureum — blue-grey taildropper slug
• Ptychobranchus fasciolaris — kidneyshell
• Simpsonaias ambigua — mudpuppy mussel
• Villosa fabalis — rayed bean

Threatened molluscs

• Hemphillia dromedarius — dromedary jumping-slug

Molluscs of special concern

• Gonidea angulata — Rocky Mountain ridged mussel
• Lampsilis cariosa — yellow lampmussel
• Nearctula sp._ — threaded vertigo
• Ostrea conchaphila — Olympia oyster

Vascular plants

Canada has many types of plants that need special care to make sure they don’t disappear. Some plants are in danger of disappearing, some are at risk, and others need extra attention.

There are plants that no longer grow in the wild in Canada but still exist somewhere else. These include:

• Collinsia verna — spring blue-eyed mary
• Desmodium illinoense — Illinois tick-trefoil

Some plants are in big danger and might disappear soon. These include:

• Abronia umbellata — pink sand-verbena
• Actaea elata — tall bugbane
• Adiantum capillus-veneris — southern maidenhair fern
• Agalinis aspera — rough agalinis
• Agalinis gattingeri — Gattinger's agalinis
• Agalinis skinneriana — Skinner's agalinis
• Ammannia robusta — scarlet ammannia
• Antennaria flagellaris — stoloniferous pussytoes
• Aristida basiramea — forked three-awned grass
• balsamorhiza deltoidea — deltoid balsamroot
• Betula lenta — cherry birch
• Braya longii — Long's braya
• Buchnera americana — bluehearts
• Camissonia contorta — contorted-pod evening-primrose
• Carex lupuliformis — false hop sedge
• Carex juniperorum — juniper sedge
• Castanea dentata — American chestnut
• Castilleja levisecta — golden paintbrush
• Chimaphila maculata — spotted wintergreen
• Cirsium pitcheri — Pitcher's thistle
• Collomia tenella — slender collomia
• Coreopsis rosea — pink coreopsis
• Cryptantha minima — tiny cryptanthe
• Cypripedium candidum — small white lady's-slipper
• Drosera filiformis — thread-leaved sundew
• Eleocharis equisetoides — horsetail spike-rush
• Epilobium densiflorum — dense spike-primrose
• Epilobium torreyi — brook spike-primrose
• Frasera caroliniensis — American columbo
• Gentiana alba — white prairie gentian
• Geum peckii — eastern mountain avens
• Isoetes engelmannii — Engelmann's quillwort
• Isotria medeoloides — small whorled pogonia
• Isotria verticillata — large whorled pogonia
• Juglans cinerea — butternut
• Juncus kelloggii — Kellogg's rush
• Lespedeza virginica — slender bush-clover
• Liparis liliifolia — purple twayblade
• Lipocarpha micrantha — small-flowered lipocarpha
• Lotus formosissimus — seaside bird's-foot lotus
• Lotus pinnatus — bog bird's-foot trefoil
• Lupinus densiflorus — dense-flowered lupine
• Lupinus lepidus var. lepidus — prairie lupine
• Lupinus rivularis — streambank lupine
• Magnolia acuminata — cucumber tree
• Meconella oregana — white meconella
• Microseris bigelovii — coast microseris
• Minuartia pusilla — dwarf sandwort
• Morus rubra — red mulberry
• Opuntia humifusa — eastern prickly pear cactus
• Orthocarpus barbatus — Grand Coulee owl-clover
• Orthocarpus bracteosus — rosy owl-clover
• Panax quinquefolius — American ginseng
• Pedicularis furbishiae — Furbish's lousewort
• Phacelia ramosissima — branched phacelia
• Physematium obtusum — blunt-lobed woodsia
• Plantago cordata — heart-leaved plantain
• Platanthera leucophaea — eastern prairie fringed-orchid
• Platanthera praeclara — western prairie fringed-orchid
• Polygala incarnata — pink milkwort
• Psilocarphus brevissimus (southern mountain population) — dwarf woolly-heads
• Psilocarphus elatior — tall woolly-heads
• Pycnanthemum incanum — hoary mountain-mint
• Ranunculus alismifolius var. alismifolius — water-plantain buttercup
• Rotala ramosior — toothcup
• Salix jejuna — barrens willow
• Sanicula arctopoides — bear's-foot sanicle
• Silene scouleri grandis — coastal Scouler's catchfly
• Silene spaldingii — Spalding's campion
• Solidago speciosa — showy goldenrod
• Stylophorum diphyllum — wood-poppy
• Symphyotrichum frondosum — short-rayed alkali aster
• Tephrosia virginiana — Virginia goat's-rue
• Tonella tenella — small-flowered tonella
• Trichophorum planifolium — bashful bulrush
• Trillium flexipes — drooping trillium
• Triphora trianthophora — nodding pogonia
• Triphysaria versicolor versicolor — bearded owl-clover
• Tripterocalyx micranthus — small-flowered sand-verbena
• Triteleia howellii — Howell's triteleia
• Viola pedata — bird's-foot violet

Some plants are at risk but not in immediate danger. These include:

• Aletris farinosa — colicroot
• Azolla mexicana — Mexican mosquito-fern
• Bartonia paniculata paniculata — branched bartonia
• Braya fernaldii — Fernald's braya
• Buchloe dactyloides — buffalograss
• Calochortus lyallii — Lyall's mariposa lily
• Camassia scilloides — wild hyacinth
• Carex sabulosa — Baikal sedge
• Castilleja rupicola — cliff paintbrush
• Celtis tenuifolia — dwarf hackberry
• Cephalanthera austiniae — phantom orchid
• Chenopodium subglabrum — smooth goosefoot
• Cirsium hillii — Hill's thistle
• Corydalis scouleri — Scouler's corydalis
• Dalea villosa var. villosa — hairy prairie-clover
• Eleocharis tuberculosa — tubercled spike-rush
• Enemion biternatum — false rue-anemone
• Eurybia divaricata — white wood aster
• Gentianopsis virgata subsp. victorinii — Victorin's gentian
• Gymnocladus dioicus — Kentucky coffee-tree
• Halimolobos virgata — slender mouse-ear-cress
• Hydrastis canadensis — goldenseal
• Hydrocotyle umbellata — water-pennywort
• Hymenoxys herbacea — lakeside daisy
• Iris lacustris — dwarf lake iris
• Iris missouriensis — western blue flag
• Isoetes bolanderi — Bolander's quillwort
• Justicia americana — American water-willow
• Lachnanthes caroliana — redroot
• Liatris spicata — dense blazing star
• Limnanthes macounii — Macoun's meadowfoam
• Lophiola aurea — golden crest
• Phlox speciosa subsp. occidentalis — showy phlox
• Polemonium vanbruntiae — van Brunt's Jacob's-ladder
• Polystichum lemmonii — Lemmon's holly fern
• Polystichum scopulinum — mountain holly fern
• Ptelea trifoliata — common hoptree
• Sabatia kennedyana — Plymouth gentian
• Salix chlorolepis — green-scaled willow
• Sanicula bipinnatifida — purple sanicle
• Sericocarpus rigidus — white-top aster
• Smilax rotundifolia (Great Lakes plains population) — round-leaved greenbrier
• Symphyotrichum anticostense — Anticosti aster
• Symphyotrichum laurentianum — Gulf of St. Lawrence aster
• Symphyotrichum praealtum — willowleaf aster
• Symphyotrichum prenanthoides — crooked-stem aster
• Symphyotrichum sericeum — western silvery aster
• Tradescantia occidentalis — western spiderwort
• Vaccinium stamineum — deerberry
• Viola praemorsa subsp. praemorsa — yellow montane violet, praemorsa subspecies
• Yucca glauca — soapweed

Some plants need extra attention to make sure they stay safe. These include:

• Achillea millefolium var. megacephalum — large-headed woolly yarrow
• Armeria maritima subsp. interior — Athabasca thrift
• Arnoglossum plantagineum — tuberous Indian-plantain
• Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum — American hart's-tongue fern
• Astragalus robbinsii var. fernaldii — Fernald's milk-vetch
• Bidens amplissima — Vancouver Island beggarticks
• Cicuta maculata var. victorinii — Victorin's water-hemlock
• Clethra alnifolia — sweet pepperbush
• Deschampsia mackenzieana — Mackenzie hairgrass
• Dryopteris arguta — coastal wood fern
• Fraxinus quadrangulata — blue ash
• Hibiscus moscheutos — swamp rose-mallow
• Isoetes prototypus — prototype quillwort
• Juncus caesariensis — New Jersey rush
• Lilaeopsis chinensis — eastern lilaeopsis
• Potamogeton hillii — Hill's pondweed
• Psilocarphus brevissimus (prairie population) — dwarf woolly-heads
• Psilocarphus elatior (prairie population) — tall woolly-heads
• Rosa setigera — climbing prairie rose
• Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila — sand dune short-capsuled willow
• Salix silicicola — felt-leaf willow
• Salix turnorii — Turnor's willow
• Solidago houghtonii — Houghton's goldenrod
• Solidago riddellii — Riddell's goldenrod
• Tanacetum huronense var. floccosum — floccose tansy

Mosses

Some mosses in Canada are in danger. Here are the different kinds:

Extirpated mosses

• Ptychomitrium incurvum — incurved grizzled moss

Endangered mosses

• Bartramia stricta — rigid apple moss
• Bryoandersonia illecebra — spoon-leaved moss
• Entosthodon rubiginosus — rusty cord-moss
• Fabronia pusilla — silver hair moss
• Fissidens pauperculus — poor pocket moss
• Scouleria marginata — margined streamside moss

Threatened mosses

• Bartramia halleriana — Haller's apple moss
• Pterygoneurum kozlovii — alkaline wing-nerved moss

Mosses of special concern

• Bryoerythrophyllum columbianum — Columbian carpet moss
• Entosthodon fascicularis — banded cord-moss
• Fissidens exilis — pygmy pocket moss
• Syntrichia laevipila — twisted oak moss

Lichens

Some lichens in Canada are at risk and need protection.

Endangered lichens

• Erioderma pedicellatum (Atlantic population) — boreal felt lichen
• Heterodermia sitchensis — seaside centipede lichen

Threatened lichens

• Leptogium rivulare — flooded jellyskin

Lichens of special concern

• Erioderma pedicellatum (boreal population) — boreal felt lichen
• Nephroma occultum — cryptic paw
• Sclerophora peronella (Nova Scotia population) — frosted glass-whiskers