Health in Italy

Italy is known for having a very good health system. People in Italy live long lives, with males living about 80 years and females about 85 years. This ranks the country 5th in the world for life expectancy. Italy also has a low rate of adult obesity, partly because of the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet.

Smoking in public places like bars, restaurants, and offices has had rules since 2005. In 2013, UNESCO added the Mediterranean diet to a special list of important cultural traditions shared by several countries, including Italy, Morocco, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus, and Croatia.

Italy makes sure everyone can get medical care for free. The country believes healthcare is a human right and should be available to everyone, no matter their money. Italy also has good clean water and food for all its people.

Water and food

Italy has plenty of water, but in dry summers, especially in Southern Italy, there can be shortages. Italians drink a lot of mineral water—more than their neighbors. In 1992, each person drank about 116 liters, which is more than in Belgium, Germany, or France. Some areas, like Lombardy, drink much more bottled water than poorer places such as Campania.

Sometimes, the water in Italy can have harmful chemicals, but the government sets rules to keep these very low. Italy's cuisine is healthy and gives people good nutrition. Checks on meat have increased to make sure it is safe.

Radiation

Italy is a warm and sunny place. People there often get direct radiation from the sun. This kind of radiation is called ultraviolet radiation. It can hurt the skin if people don’t use sun cream or wear protective clothing. The biggest danger from radiation comes from inside buildings, not the sun.

Life expectancy and mortality

See also: List of Italian provinces by life expectancy

Italy has one of the longest average lifespans in the world. In 2019, women in Italy lived to be about 85 to 86 years old, and men lived to be about 81 years old. The country also has a very low rate of deaths among babies, ranking among the best in the world. Over the years, the rate of deaths has gone down a lot, showing improvements in health care and living conditions.

Vaccination

Italy has a system for vaccinations with 21 regional authorities. Each region makes its own decisions. There is a national committee that helps create a schedule for recommended vaccinations. Regions can add more but cannot remove national requirements. Vaccinations for children, like those for hepatitis B and polio, are free and reach most children.

In 2012, Italy created a national plan to make sure everyone has fair access to vaccines. This helped increase the use of some vaccines. In 2016, Italy planned to require more vaccinations for children to attend school. However, in 2018, new rules were proposed to change these requirements again.

Smoking

Further information: Smoking in Italy

Smoking in Italy has decreased a lot for men in recent decades, but for women, the changes have been less clear. In 1966, about 68.5% of men smoked, but by 1991, this dropped to around 37%. For women, smoking went from about 15% in 1966 to around 16.5% later on, with some areas seeing it rise to about 20.1%.

Climate change

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