SafekipediaPortland, Oregon
Adapted from Wikipedia · Discoverer experience
Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon. It sits where the Willamette and Columbia rivers meet, in a beautiful part of the Pacific Northwest. As of the 2020 census, Portland is the 28th-most populous city in the United States, with over 650,000 people living there.
The area where Portland now stands was once home to the Chinookan peoples. Settlers from Europe arrived in the 1840s, and after a coin toss, the city was named after Portland, Maine. Over the years, Portland grew into a busy port and a center for lumber. It has seen many changes, including growth during World War II and the rise of technology companies in recent decades.
Portland is famous for its beautiful roses and is often called the "City of Roses." The city has a mild climate with warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. It is known for its parks, such as Forest Park, and for its lively music and arts scene. Portland is also home to professional sports teams like the Trail Blazers, Timbers, and Thorns. The city works hard to be a friendly place to live, with good public transportation and plans to protect its environment.
History
Main article: History of Portland, Oregon
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Portland, Oregon.
Before European settlement
Long ago, the land where Portland now stands was flooded many times by huge waves from ancient lakes. These floods happened during the last ice age and covered the valley with deep water.
Before settlers arrived, the area was home to the Chinook people, including the Multnomah and Clackamas bands. Explorers Lewis and Clark wrote about them in 1805. The land around the rivers was one of the busiest places on the Pacific Coast.
Establishment
In the 1840s, many people traveled along the Oregon Trail to reach the Willamette Valley. A small village grew between two towns, first called “Stumptown” because of all the cut trees. Two men wanted to name it after their hometowns, and a coin toss decided the name “Portland.” By 1851, when it became an official city, Portland had over 800 people and some early buildings like a sawmill and a hotel.
A big fire in 1873 destroyed many buildings downtown. The city grew quickly after that. In 1888, the first steel bridge on the West Coast opened here. Portland’s location by rivers helped it become an important port, and forests full of tall trees supported industries like lumber.
20th-century development
Portland grew fast between 1900 and 1930. During World War II, many new workers arrived to build ships, and the city’s population jumped. African American families moved here for jobs, creating new communities even though they faced unfair treatment.
During the same time, some people involved in illegal activities lived in Portland. In the 1960s, the city became known for its arts and activism, with groups working for rights and the environment.
Since 1990
In the 1990s, technology companies like Intel brought jobs and money to Portland. The city grew and became a place many young people wanted to live. Portland earned many nicknames over time, such as “Rose City” and “PDX.”
2020 George Floyd protests
Main article: George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon
See also: 2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States § Activities in Portland, Oregon
Starting in May 2020, people in Portland held many protests about unfair treatment by police and racial injustice following the murder of George Floyd. Some protests led to damage to buildings and shops, and a few people were hurt. In July 2020, officers from the federal government came to protect certain buildings, but their actions were disputed by local leaders. A protest held on May 25, 2021, to mark the one-year anniversary of Floyd’s murder also caused some damage and led to arrests.
Geography
Portland is built on a quiet volcano area called the Boring Lava Field, named after the town of Boring. This area has many old volcano spots, such as Mount Tabor. Far away, the big volcano Mount St. Helens can sometimes be seen, and it once covered the city with ash after it erupted.
The city has many faults, which are cracks in the earth, and these can sometimes cause shaking. One famous shaking was the Nisqually earthquake in 2001.
Portland sits where the Willamette River meets the big Columbia River. The Willamette River runs through the middle of the city, separating the east and west sides. The land in Portland changes from flat areas to small hills, especially around the West Hills and Mount Tabor. From Portland, you can see beautiful mountains like Mount Hood and Mount St. Helens on clear days.
Portland has warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. Snow is rare, but when it does come, it usually stays in the higher areas outside the city center. The city often gets sunny days in summer, but can get very hot sometimes. Spring and fall bring changing weather, with rain and sometimes warm days.
The city is famous for its many bridges over the Willamette River. Some of these bridges, like the Hawthorne Bridge, are over 100 years old and are important parts of Portland’s history.
The Willamette River divides Portland into east and west sides. The east side is flatter and stretches far, while the west side is hillier. Portland’s addresses are divided into sections like Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, and Southwest, making it easy to find places in the city.
Portland has many different neighborhoods, each with its own feel. The Pearl District in the northwest used to be an old industrial area but is now full of shops and restaurants. Other areas, like Southeast Portland, have homes and schools, making the city a place with many different communities.
Demographics
See also: Gentrification of Portland, Oregon
Racial and ethnic composition
Main article: Ethnic groups in Portland, Oregon
See also: History of Chinese Americans in Portland, Oregon; History of Koreans in Portland, Oregon; History of the Japanese in Portland, Oregon; and Hispanics and Latinos in Portland, Oregon
Portland's population has changed over time. In 1940, about 2,000 African Americans lived in Portland, mostly working for railroads. During World War II, many more Black people moved to Portland for jobs building ships. They settled in neighborhoods like the Albina district. In 2020, Portland's population was about 652,503 people.
Portland is mostly White, but there are many other groups too. Vietnamese Americans are the largest Asian group, followed by Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese, Koreans, Laotians, Hmong, and Cambodians. There are also communities of Pacific Islanders, including Tongans.
Racial/Ethnic Makeup of Portland (2020)
NH=Non-Hispanic
- White NH (66.4%)
- Black NH (5.70%)
- Native American NH (0.70%)
- Asian NH (8.00%)
- Pacific Islander NH (0.60%)
- Other race NH (0.60%)
- Multi-racial NH (7.00%)
- Hispanic Any Race (11.1%)
2020 census
As of the 2020 census, Portland had a population of 652,503. The median age was 37.6 years. 17.0% of residents were under the age of 18, and 13.9% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 97.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 96.4 males age 18 and over. Whites not of Hispanic origin made up 66.4% of the total population.
99.8% of residents lived in urban areas, while 0.2% lived in rural areas.
There were 282,110 households in Portland, of which 22.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 35.9% were married-couple households, 23.2% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 29.5% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
There were 302,034 housing units, of which 6.6% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 49.8% were owner-occupied, and 50.2% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%, and the rental vacancy rate was 6.5%.
2010 census
The 2010 census reported the city as 76.1% White (444,254 people), 7.1% Asian (41,448), 6.3% Black or African American (36,778), 1.0% Native American (5,838), 0.5% Pacific Islander (2,919), 4.7% belonging to two or more racial groups (24,437) and 5.0% from other races (28,987). 9.4% were Hispanic or Latino, of any race (54,840). Whites not of Hispanic origin made up 72.2% of the total population.
Households
As of the 2010 census, there were 583,776 people living in the city, organized into 235,508 households. The population density was 4,375.2 people per square mile. There were 265,439 housing units at an average density of 1,989.4 per square mile (768.1/km2). Population growth in Portland increased 10.3% between 2000 and 2010. Population growth in the Portland metropolitan area has outpaced the national average during the last decade, and this is expected to continue over the next 50 years.
Out of 223,737 households, 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3, and the average family size was 3. The age distribution was 21.1% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $40,146, and the median income for a family was $50,271. Males had a reported median income of $35,279 versus $29,344 reported for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,643. 13.1% of the population and 8.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 15.7% of those under the age of 18 and 10.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Figures delineating the income levels based on race are not available at this time. According to the Modern Language Association, in 2010, 80.9% (539,885) of Multnomah County residents ages 5 and over spoke English as their primary language at home. 8.1% of the population spoke Spanish (54,036), with Vietnamese speakers making up 1.9%, and Russian 1.5%.
Religion
Main article: Religion in Portland, Oregon
Portland has been called one of the least religious cities in the United States, with over 42% of residents not identifying with any specific religion, according to the Public Religion Research Institute.
Homelessness
A survey in 2019 showed that many people in Portland see homelessness as a big challenge for the city. As of 2020, homelessness was considered a hard problem to solve in Portland. The number of homeless people rose to over 10,000 by 2022.
Crime
According to reports, Portland's murder rate in 2013 was lower than the national average. In the years after the COVID pandemic, Portland saw increases in some types of crime. However, by 2025, violent crime had decreased significantly compared to the previous year.
| Census | Pop. | %± |
|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 2,874 | — |
| 1870 | 8,293 | 188.6% |
| 1880 | 17,577 | 111.9% |
| 1890 | 46,385 | 163.9% |
| 1900 | 90,426 | 94.9% |
| 1910 | 207,214 | 129.2% |
| 1920 | 258,288 | 24.6% |
| 1930 | 301,815 | 16.9% |
| 1940 | 305,394 | 1.2% |
| 1950 | 373,628 | 22.3% |
| 1960 | 372,676 | −0.3% |
| 1970 | 382,619 | 2.7% |
| 1980 | 366,383 | −4.2% |
| 1990 | 437,319 | 19.4% |
| 2000 | 529,121 | 21.0% |
| 2010 | 583,776 | 10.3% |
| 2020 | 652,503 | 11.8% |
| 2024 (est.) | 635,109 | −2.7% |
| Demographic profile | 2023 | 2020 | 2010 | 1990 | 1970 | 1940 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (Non-Hispanic White) | 67.0% | 66.4% | 76.1% | 84.6% | 92.2% | 98.1% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 11.3% | 11.1% | 9.4% | 3.2% | 1.7% | — |
| Two or More Races | 11.3% | 10.7% | 4.7% | — | — | — |
| Asian | 8.1% | 8.1% | 7.1% | 5.3% | 1.3% | 1.2% |
| Black or African American | 5.8% | 5.9% | 6.3% | 7.7% | 5.6% | 0.6% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 0.8% | 1.1% | 1.0% | — | — | — |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.5% | — | — | — |
| Race | Number | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| White | 449,025 | 68.8% |
| Black or African American | 38,217 | 5.9% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 7,335 | 1.1% |
| Asian | 52,854 | 8.1% |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 3,919 | 0.6% |
| Some other race | 31,255 | 4.8% |
| Two or more races | 69,898 | 10.7% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 72,336 | 11.1% |
Economy
Portland’s location helps many industries grow. The city has low energy costs, easy access to resources, and good transportation links like highways, airports, and shipping ports. The Port of Portland handles lots of cargo and is one of the biggest ports on the West Coast.
Technology is very important to Portland’s economy. The area has many tech companies, earning it the nickname “Silicon Forest,” similar to Silicon Valley but with lots of trees. Big companies like Nike and Adidas have their headquarters here. Portland is also known for its breweries, with many operating in the city.
The city has special taxes to support local programs. Portland does not have a sales tax but has high income and property taxes. Some taxes help fund housing and preschool programs for children.
| Supersector | 2024 Average Annual Total Nonfarm Employment |
|---|---|
| Natural Resources and Mining | 1,160 |
| Construction | 22,097 |
| Manufacturing | 22,285 |
| Trade, Transportation, and Utilities | 82,360 |
| Information | 11,396 |
| Financial Activities | 23,923 |
| Professional and Business Services | 80,333 |
| Education and Health Services | 116,498 |
| Leisure and Hospitality | 46,883 |
| Other Services | 17,775 |
| Public Administration | 15,986 |
| Unclassified | 101 |
| Rank | Employer | Employees in 2024 | Employees in 2015 | 2024 Share | 2015 Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Intel |  23,192 | 17,500 | 1.78% | 1.56% |
| 2 | Oregon Health & Science University | 20,917 | 14,616 | 1.61% | 1.30% |
| 3 | Providence Health & Services | 20,700 | 15,239 | 1.59% | 1.36% |
| 4 | Kaiser Foundation | 13,086 | 11,881 |  1.01% | 1.06% |
| 5 | Nike | 10,700 | 8,000 | 0.82% | 0.71% |
| 6 | Fred Meyer | 9,000 | 10,237 | 0.69% | 0.91% |
| 7 | Portland Public Schools | 7,638 | - | 0.59% | - |
| 8 | City of Portland | 6,631 | 8,558 | 0.51% | 0.76% |
| 9 | Multnomah County | 5,626 | - | 0.43% | - |
| 10 | Beaverton School District | 5,432 | - | 0.42% | - |
Arts and culture
Music, film, and performing arts
See also: Music of Oregon; Cinemas in Portland, Oregon; and List of films shot in Northwestern Oregon
Portland has many places for music and theater. It is home to famous music groups like the Kingsmen and Paul Revere & the Raiders, known for the song "Louie Louie." Other well-known bands include the Dandy Warhols, Sleater-Kinney, and the Decemberists. The city has many theaters, such as the Portland Center Stage and Artists Repertory Theatre.
Many movies have been made in Portland, including films by director Gus Van Sant. The city is also known for its comedy show Portlandia, which made funny sketches about life in Portland.
Museums and recreation
See also: List of museums in Portland, Oregon; Tourism in Portland, Oregon; and List of artists and art institutions in Portland, Oregon
Portland has many museums. The Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI) has fun science exhibits. The Portland Art Museum has a big collection of art. The Oregon Zoo is also very popular.
Oaks Amusement Park is an old amusement park that has been fun for visitors since 1905.
Cuisine and breweries
Portland is famous for its food carts and breweries. There are many places to try delicious food and drink from local breweries. The city holds many beer festivals, like the Oregon Brewers Festival, which is one of the biggest craft beer events in North America.
Sustainability
The city was one of the first to make plans to cut down on pollution from cars and factories.
Public art
Main article: List of public art in Portland, Oregon
Portland has many pieces of public art, like the old Skidmore Fountain. The city has rules to make sure public art is part of big building projects.
Sports
Main article: Sports in Portland, Oregon
Portland is home to several important sports teams. These include the Portland Trail Blazers, a basketball team, the Portland Timbers soccer team, the Portland Thorns FC women’s soccer team, and the Portland Fire basketball team. In 2015, the Timbers won a big soccer championship called the MLS Cup, which was a big win for Portland since the Trail Blazers won the basketball championship way back in 1977.
Portland has one major league sports team even though it is a big city. Many people hope Portland will get more teams soon, but it hasn’t happened yet because of money problems. There are plans to build a new baseball stadium, but they still need more money to make it happen. In 2024, Portland got news that a new basketball team, also called the Portland Fire, will start playing in 2026.
Fans in Portland love their teams very much. The Trail Blazers sold out every home game for many years, and the Timbers also had many sold-out games. Every year, Portland hosts fun events like a big women’s golf tournament and a famous running race. The city is also great for bicycle racing with many events happening all the time.
Parks and recreation
Main article: List of parks in Portland, Oregon
Portland has many beautiful parks and green spaces. Planning for these areas started in 1903 with a report by John Charles Olmsted. In 1995, people in the area voted to protect natural spaces for animals and nature lovers. By 2005, over 8,100 acres of important land had been saved.
Portland is special because it has extinct volcanoes inside its city limits. One of these is Mount Tabor Park, which offers great views and has old water tanks.
Forest Park is the largest city park in the United States, covering more than 5,000 acres. Downtown Portland has two groups of park blocks called the North and South Park Blocks. Tom McCall Waterfront Park, built in 1974, is a big park along the water where many events happen each year. The city is also known for being very friendly to skateboarders, with Burnside Skatepark and several indoor skateparks.
In 2015, Portland decided that no smoking, vaping, or using marijuana would be allowed in any city parks or natural areas.
Government
Portland has a mayor–council government system. This means it has a mayor and a city council that help make decisions for the city. The mayor picks a city manager to take care of everyday city work. The council has 12 members who come from different parts of the city.
Portland works with neighborhood groups to help connect people with city services. These groups talk to the city about what their area needs.
Portland is part of Metro, a special group that helps plan for the whole area around Portland. This group makes decisions about things like transportation and land use.
Law enforcement in Portland is mainly handled by the Portland Police Bureau. They work with other local police to keep the city safe.
Portland usually votes for Democratic Party candidates. Most of the city's elected leaders are Democrats. The city is split into three areas that elect people to the U.S. Congress.
Portland has strong rules about how the city can grow. These rules help protect farm land and keep the city from spreading out too much. The city has also worked on plans to reduce pollution and improve public transportation.
| Number of voters | Percentage | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 253,789 | 55.55% |
| Republican | 36,763 | 8.05% |
| Unaffiliated | 138,751 | 30.37% |
| Libertarian | 2,752 | 0.60% |
| Pacific Green | 2,298 | 0.50% |
| Constitution | 298 | 0.07% |
| Other | 22,245 | 4.87% |
| 456,896 | 100% |
Education
Main article: Education in Portland, Oregon
Portland has many schools! There are nine public school districts and lots of private schools in the city. The biggest one is Portland Public Schools, which runs 86 schools. Other districts that serve parts of Portland include the Beaverton School District, Centennial School District, David Douglas School District, Parkrose School District, Reynolds School District, Riverdale School District, and Scappoose School District. Some parts of the nearby areas are served by the North Clackamas School District.
Some well-known high schools in Portland are David Douglas High School, Benson, Cleveland, Franklin, Grant, Jefferson, Madison, Parkrose, Roosevelt, and Ida B Wells-Barnett. Lincoln High School is the oldest public high school in the city, started way back in 1869.
Portland is also a great place for college! Portland State University has almost 30,000 students and is known for its programs in business and city planning. Other colleges include Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Community College, the University of Portland, Reed College, and Lewis & Clark College.
Media
Main article: Media in Portland, Oregon
See also: List of radio stations in Oregon and List of television stations in Oregon
The Oregonian is the main daily newspaper in Portland, and it is read all over the state and in Clark County, Washington.
There are also smaller free papers like Willamette Week and The Portland Mercury, as well as digital news from The Portland Tribune. Other papers serve special groups, such as The Asian Reporter and The Skanner. There are business news papers like Portland Business Journal and The Daily Journal of Commerce, plus a monthly magazine called Portland Monthly. The Bee is a neighborhood paper that has been around for over 110 years.
Infrastructure
Healthcare
Main article: List of hospitals in Portland, Oregon
Portland has many places where people can get help when they are sick or hurt. Some big hospitals include Legacy Health, which has hospitals like Legacy Emanuel and Legacy Good Samaritan. There is also Randall's Children's Hospital for kids. Other hospitals in Portland include Providence Health & Services, Oregon Health & Science University, and Shriners Hospital for Children.
Transportation
Main article: Transportation in Portland, Oregon
Portland has many ways for people to get around. One popular way is using the MAX Light Rail, which is a train that connects different parts of the city. There are also streetcars that drive through downtown and other areas. Buses are another common way to travel, and TriMet runs most of them.
Portland also has highways like I-5, I-405, and I-205 that help people drive around. The city has an airport called Portland International Airport for flights. There are also train services like Amtrak and bus services like Greyhound that stop in Portland.
Water
Portland gets its drinking water from two places. Most of the water comes from the Bull Run Watershed, which is a forest area west of the city. The other source is the Columbia South Shore Well Field, which helps when there is a lot of demand for water. The water is cleaned at special facilities before it is sent to storage reservoirs.
Notable people
Main article: List of people from Portland, Oregon
Portland, Oregon, has been home to many famous people throughout history. Some of these individuals have made big impacts in areas like music, sports, and entertainment. The city continues to be a place where interesting and talented people live and grow.
Sister cities
Portland has special connections with cities around the world. These are called sister cities and friendship cities. The sister cities of Portland are:
- Sapporo, Japan (1959)
- Guadalajara, Mexico (1983)
- Ashkelon, Israel (1987)
- Ulsan, South Korea (1987)
- Suzhou, China (1988)
- Khabarovsk, Russia (1988)
- Kaohsiung, Taiwan (1988)
- Mutare, Zimbabwe (1991)
- Bologna, Italy (2003)
Portland also has friendship city agreements with:
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