SafekipediaDemographics of India
Adapted from Wikipedia · Adventurer experience
India is the most populous country in the world, with a population of over 1.428 billion as of April 2023. This means that about one in every six people on Earth lives in India. India recently became more populous than China, which used to hold this title.
India is a relatively young country, with a median age of about 29.8 years as of 2024. This is younger than in many other countries, such as China, where the median age is around 40.2 years. Most of India's people are between the ages of 15 and 64, creating a large group of people who can work and help the country's economy.
India's population has grown a lot since 1975, more than doubling from about 600 million to over 1.4 billion today. However, the rate of growth has slowed down. In the 1970s and 1980s, the population grew by about 2.3% each year, but now it only grows by about 0.89% each year. Experts think India's population will reach about 1.7 billion by the year 2050.
India is a very diverse country, with thousands of different ethnic groups and people who speak many languages. There are four major language families in India: Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic, and Tibeto-Burman. There are also special language groups like Nihali and Burushaski, as well as smaller communities such as Anglo-Indians and Siddi.
History
See also: Economic history of India
Prehistory to early 19th century
See also: Estimates of historical world population
The table below shows guesses about India's population (including areas now called Pakistan and Bangladesh) from very old times up until 1820. It includes guesses and growth rates from five economic historians, along with interpolated guesses and overall aggregate averages.
Historical population (10,000 BC - 1820 CE)
Population of India over time
India's population has changed a lot because of people moving in and out, new inventions, and changes in society. Below is a table of guesses about India's population from very old times up to 2021:
Estimated Population of India (10,000 BC – 2021)
The population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10,000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a faster rate over time. Then the growth slowed down in the classical era up to 500 AD, and stayed about the same during the early medieval era up to 1000 AD. The growth rate went up again in the late medieval era (during the Delhi Sultanate) from 1000 to 1500.
Under the Mughal Empire, India had a big increase in people because of new ways to farm that made more food. About 15% of people lived in cities, which was more than in 19th-century British India and Europe at that time.
Under Akbar (who ruled from 1556 to 1605), the cities in the Mughal Empire had many people, more than in Europe. By 1700, Mughal India had many people in cities, more than British India had in 1871. Nizamuddin Ahmad (1551–1621) said that under Akbar, Mughal India had many big cities and towns. Some cities had many people, with big cities like Agra (in Agra Subah) and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah).
Late 19th century to early 20th century
The population of India under the British Raj (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) based on censuses:
Studies of India's population since 1881 have looked at the total number of people, how many are born and die, where people live, how many can read and write, the difference between life in the country and in cities.
Death rates went down between 1920 and 1945, mostly because of medicines that help people not get sick.
| Year | Maddison (2001) | Clark (1967) | Biraben (1979) | Durand (1974) | McEvedy (1978) | Aggregate average | Period | Average % growth / century | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | % growth / century | Population | % growth / century | Population | % growth / century | Population | % growth / century | Population | % growth / century | Population | % growth / century | |||
| 10,000 BC | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | 100,000 | —N/a | 100,000 | —N/a | Stone Age | 3.9 |
| 4000 BC | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | 1,000,000 | 3.9 | 1,000,000 | 3.9 | ||
| 2000 BC | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | 6,000,000 | 9.4 | 6,000,000 | 9.4 | Bronze Age | 9.4 |
| 500 BC | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | 25,000,000 | 10 | 25,000,000 | 10 | Iron Age | 10.2 |
| 400 BC | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | 30,000,000 | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | 26,600,000 | 6.3 | 28,300,000 | 13.2 | ||
| 200 BC | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | 55,000,000 | 35.4 | —N/a | —N/a | 30,000,000 | 6.3 | 42,500,000 | 22.5 | Maurya era | 22.5 |
| 1 AD | 75,000,000 | —N/a | 70,000,000 | —N/a | 46,000,000 | –9.3 | 75,000,000 | —N/a | 34,000,000 | 6.5 | 60,000,000 | 18.8 | Classical era | 5.3 |
| 200 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 72,500,000 | 1.7 | 45,000,000 | –1.1 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 39,000,000 | 7.1 | 61,300,000 | 1.1 | ||
| 400 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 75,000,000 | 1.7 | 32,000,000 | –18.6 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 45,000,000 | 7.4 | 60,400,000 | –0.7 | ||
| 500 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 33,000,000 | 3.1 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 48,000,000 | 6.5 | 61,200,000 | 1.3 | ||
| 600 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 37,000,000 | 12.1 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 51,000,000 | 6.5 | 62,600,000 | 2.3 | Early medieval era | 1.9 |
| 700 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 50,000,000 | 35.1 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 56,500,000 | 10.3 | 66,300,000 | 5.9 | ||
| 800 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 43,000,000 | –16.3 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 62,000,000 | 10.3 | 66,000,000 | –0.5 | ||
| 900 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 72,500,000 | –3.5 | 38,000,000 | –13.2 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 69,500,000 | 11.4 | 66,000,000 | 0 | ||
| 1000 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 70,000,000 | –3.5 | 40,000,000 | 5.3 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 77,000,000 | 11.4 | 67,400,000 | 2.1 | ||
| 1100 | 81,000,000 | 8 | 72,500,000 | 3.5 | 51,000,000 | 27.5 | 81,300,000 | 8.4 | 80,000,000 | 3.9 | 73,200,000 | 8.6 | Late medieval era | 8.1 |
| 1200 | 87,500,000 | 8 | 75,000,000 | 3.5 | 65,100,000 | 27.5 | 88,200,000 | 8.4 | 83,000,000 | 3.8 | 79,800,000 | 9 | ||
| 1300 | 94,500,000 | 8 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 83,000,000 | 27.5 | 95,700,000 | 8.4 | 88,000,000 | 6 | 87,200,000 | 9.3 | ||
| 1400 | 102,000,000 | 8 | 77,000,000 | 3.3 | 88,800,000 | 7 | 103,700,000 | 8.4 | 94,000,000 | 6.8 | 92,900,000 | 7 | ||
| 1500 | 110,000,000 | 8 | 79,000,000 | 3.3 | 95,000,000 | 7 | 112,500,000 | 8.4 | 100,000,000 | 6.4 | 99,300,000 | 7 | ||
| 1600 | 135,000,000 | 22.8 | 100,000,000 | 26.6 | 145,000,000 | 52.6 | 135,800,000 | 20.7 | 130,000,000 | 30 | 129,200,000 | 30.1 | Mughal era | 31.9 |
| 1650 | 150,000,000 | 22.2 | 150,000,000 | 125 | 160,000,000 | 20.7 | 149,100,000 | 20.7 | 145,000,000 | 24.4 | 150,800,000 | 36.2 | ||
| 1700 | 165,000,000 | 22.2 | 200,000,000 | 77.8 | 175,000,000 | 20.7 | 163,900,000 | 20.7 | 160,000,000 | 21.8 | 172,800,000 | 31.3 | ||
| 1750 | 182,100,000 | 21.8 | 200,000,000 | 0 | 182,700,000 | 9 | 180,000,000 | 20.7 | 170,000,000 | 12.9 | 183,000,000 | 12.1 | Colonial era | 12.2 |
| 1800 | 200,900,000 | 21.8 | 190,000,000 | –10.8 | 190,700,000 | 9 | —N/a | —N/a | 185,000,000 | 18.4 | 190,400,000 | 8 | ||
| 1820 | 209,000,000 | 21.8 | 190,000,000 | 0 | 194,000,000 | 9 | —N/a | —N/a | 200,000,000 | 47.7 | 198,300,000 | 22 | ||
| Years | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1905 | 1911 | 1915 | 1921 | 1925 | 1931 | 1935 | 1941 | 1950 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy in India | 25.4 | 24.3 | 23.5 | 24.0 | 23.2 | 24.0 | 24.9 | 27.6 | 29.3 | 31.0 | 32.6 | 35.4 |
Languages
Main articles: List of languages by number of native speakers in India and Languages of India
India has many languages spoken by people. Some of the most common ones include:
In total, India has 122 languages and 234 mother tongues that people speak. Twenty-two of these languages are listed in a special part of the Indian Constitution.
| Language | Language Family | Speakers (1971) | Speakers (1981) | Speakers (1991) | Speakers (2001) | Speakers (2011) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi | Indo-Aryan | 202,767,971 | 257,749,009 | 329,505,193 | 422,048,642 | 528,347,193 |
| Bengali | Indo-Aryan | 44,792,312 | 51,298,319 | 69,595,738 | 83,369,769 | 97,237,669 |
| Telugu | Dravidian | 44,756,923 | 50,624,611 | 66,017,615 | 74,002,856 | 81,127,740 |
| Marathi | Indo-Aryan | 41,765,190 | 49,452,922 | 62,481,681 | 71,936,894 | 83,026,680 |
| Tamil | Dravidian | 37,690,106 | – | 53,006,368 | 60,793,814 | 69,026,881 |
| Urdu | Indo-Aryan | 28,620,895 | 34,941,435 | 43,406,932 | 51,536,111 | 50,772,631 |
| Gujarati | Indo-Aryan | 25,865,012 | 33,063,267 | 40,695,370 | 46,091,617 | 55,492,554 |
| Kannada | Dravidian | 21,710,649 | 25,697,146 | 32,753,676 | 37,924,011 | 43,706,512 |
| Malayalam | Dravidian | 21,938,760 | 25,700,705 | 30,377,176 | 33,066,392 | 34,838,819 |
| Odia | Indo-Aryan | 19,863,198 | 23,021,528 | 28,061,313 | 33,017,446 | 37,521,324 |
| Punjabi | Indo-Aryan | 14,108,443 | 19,611,199 | 23,378,744 | 29,102,477 | 33,124,726 |
| Assamese | Indo-Aryan | 8,959,558 | – | 13,079,696 | 13,168,484 | 15,311,351 |
| Maithili | Indo-Aryan | 6,130,026 | 7,522,265 | 7,766,921 | 12,179,122 | 13,583,464 |
| Bhili/Bhilodi# | Indo-Aryan | 3,399,285 | 4,293,314 | 5,572,308 | 9,582,957 | 10,413,637 |
| Santali | Austro-Asiatic | 3,786,899 | 4,332,511 | 5,216,325 | 6,469,600 | 7,368,192 |
| Kashmiri | Indo-Aryan | 2,495,487 | 3,176,975 | – | 5,527,698 | 6,797,587 |
| Nepali | Indo-Aryan | 1,419,835 | 1,360,636 | 2,076,645 | 2,871,749 | 2,926,168 |
| Gondi# | Dravidian | 1,688,284 | 1,913,262 | 2,124,852 | 2,713,790 | 2,984,453 |
| Sindhi | Indo-Aryan | 1,676,875 | 2,044,389 | 2,122,848 | 2,535,485 | 2,772,264 |
| Konkani | Indo-Aryan | 1,508,432 | 1,570,108 | 1,760,607 | 2,489,015 | 2,256,502 |
| Dogri | Indo-Aryan | 1,299,143 | 1,530,616 | – | 2,282,589 | 2,596,767 |
| Khandeshi# | Indo-Aryan | 251,896 | 1,216,789 | 973,709 | 2,075,258 | 1,860,236 |
| Kurukh# | Dravidian | 1,235,665 | 1,333,670 | 1,426,618 | 1,751,489 | 1,988,350 |
| Tulu# | Dravidian | 1,158,419 | 1,417,224 | 1,552,259 | 1,722,768 | 1,846,427 |
| Meiteilon (Manipuri) | Sino-Tibetan | 791,714 | 901,407 | 1,270,216 | 1,466,705 | 1,761,079 |
| Bodo | Sino-Tibetan | 556,576 | – | 1,221,881 | 1,350,478 | 1,482,929 |
| Khasi# | Austro-Asiatic | 479,028 | 628,846 | 912,283 | 1,128,575 | 1,431,344 |
| Mundari# | Austro-Asiatic | 771,253 | 742,739 | 861,378 | 1,061,352 | 1,128,228 |
| Ho# | Austro-Asiatic | 751,389 | 783,301 | 949,216 | 1,042,724 | 1,421,418 |
| Tripuri# | Sino-Tibetan | 372,579 | 502,067 | 694,940 | 854,023 | 1,011,294 |
Vital statistics
India has a lot of people, and the numbers change over time. There are tables that show how the number of people in India has grown and changed from year to year.
See also: List of Indian states by life expectancy at birth
| Year | Mid-year population | Births per year | Deaths per year | Annual change in population | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration rate (per 1000) | Total Fertility rate | Infant mortality (per 1000) | Life expectancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 346,278,817 | 15,287,998 | 7,852,219 | 7,435,779 | 44.15 | 22.68 | 21.6 | 5.73 | 181.2 | 41.7 | |
| 1951 | 353,870,058 | 15,663,440 | 7,973,004 | 7,591,241 | 44.26 | 22.53 | 21.6 | 0.5 | 5.77 | 180.1 | 41.7 |
| 1952 | 361,874,904 | 16,082,888 | 8,048,990 | 8,004,846 | 44.44 | 22.24 | 21.9 | 0.2 | 5.82 | 177.5 | 42.0 |
| 1953 | 370,104,571 | 16,501,176 | 8,169,722 | 8,229,667 | 44.59 | 22.07 | 22.1 | 0 | 5.87 | 175.3 | 42.2 |
| 1954 | 378,687,141 | 16,903,336 | 8,122,090 | 8,582,570 | 44.64 | 21.45 | 22.7 | −0.4 | 5.91 | 172.2 | 43.0 |
| 1955 | 387,700,891 | 17,219,756 | 8,168,768 | 9,013,750 | 44.41 | 21.07 | 22.8 | −0.1 | 5.91 | 169.7 | 43.4 |
| 1956 | 396,988,906 | 17,526,402 | 8,232,471 | 9,288,015 | 44.15 | 20.74 | 22.8 | 0 | 5.91 | 167.3 | 43.8 |
| 1957 | 406,253,895 | 17,825,650 | 8,323,747 | 9,264,989 | 43.88 | 20.49 | 22.8 | 0 | 5.91 | 165.0 | 44.1 |
| 1958 | 415,777,437 | 18,053,426 | 8,374,383 | 9,523,542 | 43.42 | 20.14 | 22.7 | −0.2 | 5.90 | 162.7 | 44.4 |
| 1959 | 425,780,669 | 18,321,022 | 8,395,630 | 10,003,232 | 43.03 | 19.72 | 22.7 | −0.2 | 5.89 | 160.3 | 44.9 |
| 1960 | 435,990,344 | 18,705,012 | 8,467,290 | 10,209,675 | 42.90 | 19.42 | 22.9 | 0.2 | 5.92 | 158.2 | 45.2 |
| 1961 | 446,564,730 | 19,054,934 | 8,586,012 | 10,574,386 | 42.67 | 19.23 | 22.8 | 0.5 | 5.94 | 156.4 | 45.4 |
| 1962 | 457,283,092 | 19,422,986 | 8,679,851 | 10,718,362 | 42.48 | 18.98 | 22.9 | 0.5 | 5.95 | 154.5 | 45.7 |
| 1963 | 468,138,576 | 19,783,962 | 8,767,246 | 10,855,484 | 42.26 | 18.73 | 22.9 | 0.5 | 5.97 | 152.7 | 45.9 |
| 1964 | 479,229,599 | 20,156,988 | 8,871,377 | 11,091,023 | 42.06 | 18.51 | 23.0 | 0.3 | 5.98 | 151.1 | 46.2 |
| 1965 | 490,140,141 | 20,414,206 | 9,488,516 | 10,910,542 | 41.65 | 19.36 | 21.7 | 0.9 | 5.94 | 156.4 | 45.0 |
| 1966 | 500,740,250 | 20,632,990 | 9,543,207 | 10,600,109 | 41.20 | 19.06 | 21.6 | 0.2 | 5.88 | 154.7 | 45.3 |
| 1967 | 511,606,375 | 20,889,458 | 9,609,691 | 10,866,125 | 40.83 | 18.78 | 21.5 | 0 | 5.83 | 153.1 | 45.7 |
| 1968 | 522,716,894 | 21,162,298 | 9,155,303 | 11,110,519 | 40.48 | 17.52 | 22.4 | −0.5 | 5.76 | 145.0 | 47.5 |
| 1969 | 533,880,544 | 21,386,208 | 9,218,624 | 11,163,650 | 40.06 | 17.27 | 22.3 | 0 | 5.68 | 143.3 | 47.9 |
| 1970 | 545,864,268 | 21,705,420 | 9,287,483 | 11,983,724 | 39.76 | 17.01 | 22.3 | −0.1 | 5.62 | 141.7 | 48.2 |
| 1971 | 558,096,383 | 22,169,874 | 9,382,778 | 12,232,115 | 39.72 | 16.81 | 22.5 | −0.1 | 5.57 | 139.9 | 48.6 |
| 1972 | 570,482,142 | 22,509,830 | 9,468,026 | 12,385,759 | 39.46 | 16.60 | 22.5 | 0 | 5.48 | 138.5 | 49.0 |
| 1973 | 583,465,595 | 22,929,810 | 9,517,150 | 12,983,453 | 39.30 | 16.31 | 22.7 | 0.1 | 5.40 | 136.3 | 49.5 |
| 1974 | 597,041,392 | 23,284,796 | 9,489,001 | 13,575,797 | 39.00 | 15.89 | 22.8 | 0 | 5.33 | 133.3 | 50.2 |
| 1975 | 611,309,532 | 23,451,070 | 9,492,655 | 14,268,140 | 38.36 | 15.53 | 22.6 | 0 | 5.20 | 130.7 | 50.8 |
| 1976 | 625,861,887 | 23,935,742 | 9,499,656 | 14,552,355 | 38.24 | 15.18 | 22.7 | −0.4 | 5.13 | 127.9 | 51.4 |
| 1977 | 640,801,105 | 24,070,484 | 9,494,741 | 14,939,218 | 37.56 | 14.82 | 22.2 | 0.1 | 5.01 | 124.9 | 51.9 |
| 1978 | 655,728,226 | 24,359,834 | 9,461,503 | 14,927,121 | 37.15 | 14.43 | 22.1 | 0.3 | 4.89 | 121.7 | 52.5 |
| 1979 | 671,155,745 | 24,833,594 | 9,440,528 | 15,427,519 | 37.00 | 14.07 | 22.3 | 0.2 | 4.81 | 118.4 | 53.1 |
| 1980 | 687,354,031 | 25,471,068 | 9,452,567 | 16,198,286 | 37.06 | 13.75 | 22.5 | 0.4 | 4.78 | 115.2 | 53.6 |
| 1981 | 703,696,255 | 25,868,440 | 9,446,658 | 16,342,224 | 36.76 | 13.42 | 22.7 | 0.3 | 4.70 | 112.1 | 54.2 |
| 1982 | 720,313,474 | 26,221,360 | 9,431,256 | 16,617,219 | 36.40 | 13.09 | 22.6 | 0.3 | 4.62 | 109.3 | 54.7 |
| 1983 | 737,372,685 | 26,637,448 | 9,418,131 | 17,059,211 | 36.13 | 12.77 | 22.6 | 0.2 | 4.57 | 106.7 | 55.3 |
| 1984 | 754,875,451 | 27,113,114 | 9,414,277 | 17,502,766 | 35.92 | 12.47 | 22.7 | 0.2 | 4.52 | 104.2 | 55.8 |
| 1985 | 772,647,801 | 27,366,950 | 9,398,793 | 17,772,350 | 35.42 | 12.16 | 22.5 | 0.2 | 4.43 | 101.8 | 56.3 |
| 1986 | 790,689,978 | 27,848,424 | 9,392,670 | 18,042,177 | 35.22 | 11.88 | 22.7 | −0.1 | 4.40 | 99.4 | 56.8 |
| 1987 | 808,931,261 | 27,860,878 | 9,365,358 | 18,241,283 | 34.44 | 11.58 | 22.2 | 0.2 | 4.31 | 97.0 | 57.3 |
| 1988 | 827,342,997 | 28,040,342 | 9,337,583 | 18,411,736 | 33.89 | 11.29 | 21.9 | 0.2 | 4.22 | 94.6 | 57.8 |
| 1989 | 846,039,530 | 28,154,986 | 9,306,083 | 18,696,533 | 33.28 | 11.00 | 21.6 | 0.3 | 4.13 | 92.2 | 58.2 |
| 1990 | 864,972,219 | 28,171,520 | 9,277,651 | 18,932,689 | 32.57 | 10.73 | 21.1 | 0.5 | 4.05 | 89.8 | 58.7 |
| 1991 | 883,927,607 | 28,305,720 | 9,256,425 | 18,955,388 | 32.02 | 10.47 | 21.0 | 0.2 | 3.96 | 87.6 | 59.1 |
| 1992 | 902,957,072 | 28,365,204 | 9,232,809 | 19,029,465 | 31.41 | 10.22 | 20.7 | 0.3 | 3.88 | 85.5 | 59.5 |
| 1993 | 922,118,380 | 28,374,418 | 9,221,708 | 19,161,308 | 30.77 | 10.00 | 20.3 | 0.4 | 3.80 | 83.5 | 59.8 |
| 1994 | 941,163,775 | 28,512,692 | 9,201,756 | 19,045,395 | 30.30 | 9.78 | 20.0 | 0.4 | 3.72 | 81.4 | 60.2 |
| 1995 | 960,301,048 | 28,588,052 | 9,191,892 | 19,137,273 | 29.77 | 9.57 | 19.7 | 0.4 | 3.65 | 79.3 | 60.6 |
| 1996 | 979,678,464 | 28,623,284 | 9,180,936 | 19,377,416 | 29.22 | 9.37 | 19.4 | 0.3 | 3.58 | 77.1 | 61.0 |
| 1997 | 999,133,765 | 28,659,994 | 9,166,224 | 19,455,301 | 28.68 | 9.17 | 19.0 | 0.4 | 3.51 | 74.8 | 61.4 |
| 1998 | 1,018,665,073 | 28,724,934 | 9,155,898 | 19,531,308 | 28.20 | 8.99 | 18.7 | 0.4 | 3.45 | 72.5 | 61.8 |
| 1999 | 1,038,225,821 | 28,790,310 | 9,141,493 | 19,560,748 | 27.73 | 8.80 | 18.4 | 0.3 | 3.38 | 70.2 | 62.2 |
| 2000 | 1,057,922,728 | 29,111,712 | 9,127,431 | 19,696,907 | 27.52 | 8.63 | 18.3 | 0.1 | 3.35 | 67.8 | 62.7 |
| 2001 | 1,077,898,572 | 29,324,930 | 9,143,228 | 19,975,844 | 27.21 | 8.48 | 18.2 | 0 | 3.30 | 65.4 | 63.1 |
| 2002 | 1,097,600,381 | 29,128,216 | 9,103,548 | 19,701,809 | 26.54 | 8.29 | 17.7 | 0.2 | 3.22 | 63.1 | 63.6 |
| 2003 | 1,116,802,997 | 28,794,442 | 9,074,469 | 19,202,616 | 25.78 | 8.13 | 17.2 | 0.2 | 3.12 | 60.8 | 64.1 |
| 2004 | 1,135,991,510 | 28,537,736 | 9,067,053 | 19,188,513 | 25.12 | 7.98 | 16.7 | 0.2 | 3.05 | 58.6 | 64.5 |
| 2005 | 1,154,676,319 | 28,063,000 | 9,027,961 | 18,684,809 | 24.30 | 7.82 | 16.1 | 0.1 | 2.96 | 56.3 | 65.0 |
| 2006 | 1,172,878,890 | 27,637,610 | 8,995,893 | 18,202,571 | 23.56 | 7.67 | 15.5 | −0.1 | 2.86 | 54.1 | 65.4 |
| 2007 | 1,190,676,028 | 27,304,622 | 8,972,698 | 17,797,138 | 22.93 | 7.54 | 15.1 | −0.3 | 2.78 | 51.9 | 65.8 |
| 2008 | 1,207,930,962 | 27,186,094 | 8,950,894 | 17,254,934 | 22.51 | 7.41 | 14.7 | −0.4 | 2.72 | 49.6 | 66.1 |
| 2009 | 1,225,524,760 | 27,219,670 | 8,934,340 | 17,593,798 | 22.21 | 7.29 | 14.5 | −0.5 | 2.67 | 47.4 | 66.5 |
| 2010 | 1,243,481,564 | 26,900,710 | 8,908,601 | 17,956,804 | 21.63 | 7.16 | 14.1 | −0.2 | 2.60 | 45.2 | 66.9 |
| 2011 | 1,261,224,952 | 26,681,990 | 8,889,393 | 17,743,388 | 21.16 | 7.05 | 13.7 | 0 | 2.54 | 43.0 | 67.4 |
| 2012 | 1,278,674,506 | 26,432,416 | 8,879,964 | 17,449,554 | 20.67 | 6.95 | 13.3 | 0.1 | 2.47 | 40.8 | 67.9 |
| 2013 | 1,295,829,506 | 25,995,998 | 8,888,126 | 17,155,000 | 20.06 | 6.86 | 13.0 | 0.1 | 2.41 | 38.7 | 68.5 |
| 2014 | 1,312,277,184 | 25,050,538 | 8,884,412 | 16,447,678 | 19.09 | 6.77 | 12.3 | 0.2 | 2.31 | 36.7 | 69.1 |
| 2015 | 1,328,024,492 | 25,147,252 | 8,936,426 | 15,747,308 | 18.94 | 6.73 | 12.1 | −0.2 | 2.29 | 34.7 | 69.6 |
| 2016 | 1,343,944,293 | 25,207,146 | 9,004,539 | 15,919,801 | 18.76 | 6.70 | 11.9 | 0 | 2.27 | 32.8 | 70.1 |
| 2017 | 1,359,657,392 | 24,466,744 | 9,072,749 | 15,713,099 | 18.00 | 6.67 | 11.3 | 0.3 | 2.20 | 31.1 | 70.5 |
| 2018 | 1,374,659,068 | 24,620,206 | 9,169,449 | 15,001,676 | 17.91 | 6.67 | 11.0 | −0.1 | 2.18 | 29.4 | 70.7 |
| 2019 | 1,389,030,303 | 24,124,982 | 9,264,486 | 14,371,235 | 17.37 | 6.67 | 10.3 | 0 | 2.11 | 27.9 | 70.9 |
| 2020 | 1,402,617,692 | 23,485,340 | 10,118,286 | 13,587,389 | 16.74 | 7.21 | 9.2 | 0.4 | 2.05 | 26.6 | 70.1 |
| 2021 | 1,414,203,889 | 23,321,854 | 13,093,783 | 11,586,197 | 16.49 | 9.26 | 7.0 | −1.0 | 2.01 | 25.5 | 67.2 |
| 2022 | 1,425,423,212 | 23,286,124 | 9,373,180 | 11,219,323 | 16.34 | 6.58 | 7.2 | −0.4 | 1.99 | 23.9 | 67.7 |
| 2023 | 1,438,069,597 | 23,219,488 | 9,507,013 | 12,646,385 | 16.15 | 6.61 | 9.5 | −1.4 | 1.98 | 22.6 | 72.0 |
| 2024 | 1,450,935,791 | 23,186,978 | 9,557,050 | 12,999,094 | 15.98 | 6.59 | 9.39 | -0.43 | 1.96 | ||
| 2025 | 15.8 | 6.6 | 9.1 | 1.94 | |||||||
| 2026 | 15.6 | 6.7 | 8.9 | 1.93 |
| States and UTs | 1901–11 | 1911–21 | 1921–31 | 1931–41 | 1941–51 | 1951–61 | 1961–71 | 1971–81 | 1981–91 | 1991–01 | 2001–11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | +5.75 | -0.31 | +11.00 | +14.22 | +13.31 | +21.51 | +24.80 | +24.66 | +23.87 | +21.54 | +17.70 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | +7.16 | +5.75 | +10.14 | +10.36 | +10.42 | +9.44 | +29.65 | +29.69 | +30.89 | +29.43 | +23.64 |
| Himachal Pradesh | - 1.22 | +1.65 | +5.23 | +11.54 | +5.42 | +17.87 | +23.04 | +23.71 | +20.79 | +17.54 | +12.94 |
| Punjab | -10.78 | +6.26 | +12.02 | +19.82 | -4.58 | +21.56 | +21.70 | +23.89 | +20.81 | +20.10 | +13.89 |
| Chandigarh | -16.07 | -1.65 | +9.10 | +14.11 | +7.47 | +394.13 | +114.59 | +75.55 | +42.16 | +40.28 | +17.19 |
| Uttarakhand | +8.20 | -1.23 | +8.74 | +13.63 | +12.67 | +22.57 | +24.42 | +27.45 | +23.13 | +20.41 | +18.81 |
| Haryana | -9.70 | +1.95 | +7.14 | +15.63 | +7.60 | +33.79 | +32.22 | +28.75 | +27.41 | +28.43 | +19.90 |
| Delhi | +1.98 | +18.03 | +30.26 | +44.27 | +90.00 | +52.44 | +52.93 | +53.00 | +51.45 | +47.02 | +21.21 |
| Rajasthan | +6.70 | -6.29 | +14.14 | +18.01 | +15.20 | +26.20 | +27.83 | +32.97 | +28.44 | +28.41 | +21.31 |
| Uttar Pradesh | -1.36 | -3.16 | +6.56 | +13.57 | +11.78 | +16.38 | +19.54 | +25.39 | +25.61 | +25.85 | +20.23 |
| Bihar | +1.52 | -0.97 | +9.74 | +12.22 | +10.58 | +19.79 | +20.91 | +24.16 | +23.38 | +28.62 | +25.42 |
| Sikkim | +48.98 | -7.05 | +34.37 | +10.67 | +13.34 | +17.76 | +29.38 | +50.77 | +28.47 | +33.06 | +12.89 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | —N/a | +38.91 | +35.15 | +36.83 | +27.00 | +26.03 |
| Nagaland | +46.76 | +6.55 | +12.62 | +6.04 | +8.60 | +14.07 | +39.88 | +50.05 | +56.08 | +64.53 | -0.58 |
| Manipur | +21.71 | +10.92 | +16.04 | +14.92 | +12.80 | +35.04 | +37.53 | +32.46 | +29.29 | +24.86 | +24.50 |
| Mizoram | +10.64 | +7.90 | +26.42 | +22.81 | +28.42 | +35.61 | +24.93 | +48.55 | +39.70 | +28.82 | +23.48 |
| Tripura | +32.48 | +32.59 | +25.63 | +34.14 | +24.56 | +78.71 | +36.28 | +31.92 | +34.30 | +16.03 | +14.84 |
| Meghalaya | +15.71 | +7.21 | +13.83 | +15.59 | +8.97 | +27.03 | +31.50 | +32.04 | +32.86 | +30.65 | +27.95 |
| Assam | +16.99 | +20.48 | +19.91 | +20.40 | +19.93 | +34.98 | +34.95 | +23.36 | +24.24 | +18.92 | +17.07 |
| West Bengal | +6.25 | -2.91 | +8.14 | +22.93 | +13.22 | +32.80 | +26.87 | +23.17 | +24.73 | +17.77 | +13.84 |
| Jharkhand | +11.19 | +0.31 | +16.86 | +12.13 | +9.35 | +19.69 | +22.58 | +23.79 | +24.03 | +23.36 | +22.42 |
| Odisha | +10.44 | -1.94 | +11.94 | +10.22 | +6.38 | +19.82 | +25.05 | +20.17 | +20.06 | +16.25 | +14.05 |
| Chhattisgarh | +24.15 | +1.41 | +14.51 | +13.04 | +9.42 | +22.77 | +27.12 | +20.39 | +25.73 | +18.27 | +22.61 |
| Madhya Pradesh | +12.38 | -2.40 | +10.21 | +12.06 | +8.38 | +24.73 | +29.28 | +27.16 | +27.24 | +24.26 | +20.35 |
| Gujarat | +7.79 | +3.79 | +12.92 | +19.25 | +18.69 | +26.88 | +29.39 | +27.67 | +21.19 | +22.66 | +19.28 |
| Daman and Diu | +1.45 | -3.26 | +15.98 | +17.52 | +13.55 | -24.56 | +70.85 | +26.07 | +28.62 | +55.73 | +53.76 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli | +19.52 | +6.99 | +23.23 | +5.70 | +2.70 | +39.56 | +27.96 | +39.78 | +33.57 | +59.22 | +55.88 |
| Maharashtra | +10.74 | -2.91 | +14.91 | +11.99 | +19.27 | +23.60 | +27.45 | +24.54 | +25.73 | +22.73 | +15.99 |
| Andhra Pradesh | +12.49 | -0.13 | +12.99 | +12.75 | +14.02 | +15.65 | +20.90 | +23.10 | +24.20 | +14.59 | +10.98 |
| Karnataka | +3.60 | -1.09 | +9.38 | +11.09 | +19.36 | +21.57 | +24.22 | +26.75 | +21.12 | +17.51 | +15.60 |
| Goa | +2.36 | -3.55 | +7.62 | +7.05 | +1.21 | +7.77 | +34.77 | +26.74 | +16.08 | +15.21 | +8.23 |
| Lakshadweep | +4.85 | -6.31 | +17.62 | +14.43 | +14.60 | +14.61 | +31.95 | +26.53 | +28.47 | +17.30 | +6.30 |
| Kerala | +11.75 | +9.16 | +21.85 | +16.04 | +22.82 | +24.76 | +26.29 | +19.24 | +14.32 | +9.43 | +4.91 |
| Tamil Nadu | +8.57 | +3.47 | +8.52 | +11.91 | +14.66 | +11.85 | +22.30 | +17.50 | +15.39 | +11.72 | +15.61 |
| Puducherry | +4.39 | -5.06 | +5.93 | +10.20 | +11.31 | +16.34 | +27.81 | +28.15 | +33.64 | +20.62 | +28.08 |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | +7.34 | +2.37 | +8.78 | +14.61 | -8.28 | +105.19 | +81.17 | +63.93 | +48.70 | +26.90 | +6.86 |
| Period | Life expectancy at birth | Life expectancy at age 15 | Life expectancy at age 65 | Life expectancy at age 80 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 41.18 | 60.06 | 75.90 | 84.77 |
| 1955 | 43.74 | 60.96 | 76.14 | 84.86 |
| 1960 | 45.61 | 61.75 | 76.33 | 84.93 |
| 1965 | 45.56 | 61.84 | 76.20 | 84.91 |
| 1970 | 48.59 | 63.40 | 76.55 | 85.30 |
| 1975 | 50.76 | 64.68 | 77.00 | 85.69 |
| 1980 | 53.59 | 66.10 | 77.22 | 85.82 |
| 1985 | 56.32 | 67.35 | 77.30 | 85.81 |
| 1990 | 58.62 | 68.32 | 77.59 | 85.94 |
| 1995 | 60.63 | 69.08 | 78.06 | 86.22 |
| 2000 | 62.75 | 69.92 | 78.56 | 86.44 |
| 2005 | 64.94 | 70.84 | 78.87 | 86.45 |
| 2010 | 67.16 | 71.83 | 79.28 | 86.64 |
| 2015 | 69.33 | 72.88 | 79.91 | 87.14 |
| 2020 | 70.16 | 72.81 | 79.48 | 86.92 |
| Year | Total | Urban | Rural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | |
| 1992–1993 | 28.7 | 3.39 (2.64) | 24.1 | 2.70 (2.09) | 30.4 | 3.67 (2.86) |
| 1998–1999 | 24.8 | 2.85 (2.13) | 20.9 | 2.27 (1.73) | 26.2 | 3.07 (2.28) |
| 2005–2006 | 23.1 | 2.68 (1.90) | 18.8 | 2.06 (1.60) | 25.0 | 2.98 (2.10) |
| 2015–2016 | 19.0 | 2.18 (1.8) | 15.8 | 1.75 (1.5) | 20.7 | 2.41 (1.9) |
| 2019–2021 | 17.1 | 1.99 (1.6) | 14.0 | 1.63 (1.4) | 18.6 | 2.14 (1.7) |
| CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate. | ||||||
| Year | Hindu | Muslim | Christian | Sikh | Buddhist/ Neo-Buddhist | Jain | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019–2021 | 1.94 (1.6) | 2.36 (1.8) | 1.88 (1.7) | 1.61 (1.4) | 1.39 (1.2) | 1.60 (1.5) | 2.15 (1.7) |
| CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate. | |||||||
| State (Population 2011) | Total | Urban | Rural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | |
| Uttar Pradesh (199 812 341) | 22.6 | 2.74 (2.06) | 18.6 | 2.08 (1.62) | 24.0 | 2.99 (2.22) |
| Maharashtra (112 374 333) | 16.6 | 1.87 (1.57) | 15.5 | 1.68 (1.41) | 17.5 | 2.06 (1.73) |
| Bihar (104 099 452) | 27.1 | 3.41 (2.48) | 20.4 | 2.42 (1.83) | 28.0 | 3.56 (2.58) |
| West Bengal (91 276 115) | 16.6 | 1.77 (1.53) | 14.0 | 1.57 (1.38) | 18.0 | 1.85 (1.58) |
| Madhya Pradesh (72 626 809) | 20.2 | 2.32 (1.82) | 17.7 | 1.95 (1.61) | 21.3 | 2.48 (1.91) |
| Tamil Nadu (72 147 030) | 15.5 | 1.70 (1.51) | 13.9 | 1.54 (1.38) | 17.2 | 1.86 (1.63) |
| Rajasthan (68 548 437) | 20.8 | 2.40 (1.81) | 17.5 | 1.94 (1.52) | 22.0 | 2.56 (1.91) |
| Karnataka (61 095 297) | 15.9 | 1.81 (1.42) | 15.2 | 1.65 (1.30) | 16.5 | 1.92 (1.50) |
| Gujarat (60 439 692) | 16.7 | 2.03 (1.54) | 15.3 | 1.82 (1.39) | 17.9 | 2.19 (1.64) |
| Andhra Pradesh (49 386 799) | 16.1 | 1.83 (1.64) | 13.9 | 1.53 (1.39) | 17.0 | 1.96 (1.75) |
| Odisha (41 974 218) | 18.1 | 2.05 (1.69) | 15.6 | 1.73 (1.50) | 18.7 | 2.12 (1.72) |
| Telangana (35 193 978) | 17.1 | 1.79 (1.59) | 17.1 | 1.67 (1.53) | 17.2 | 1.88 (1.64) |
| Kerala (33 406 061) | 11.2 | 1.56 (1.47) | 11.4 | 1.57 (1.47) | 11.0 | 1.55 (1.46) |
| Jharkhand (32 988 134) | 21.7 | 2.55 (2.06) | 16.3 | 1.78 (1.47) | 23.5 | 2.83 (2.27) |
| Assam (31 205 576) | 19.5 | 2.21 (1.78) | 13.2 | 1.45 (1.25) | 20.5 | 2.34 (1.87) |
| Punjab (27 743 338) | 13.8 | 1.62 (1.37) | 13.5 | 1.59 (1.32) | 14.0 | 1.63 (1.39) |
| Chhattisgarh (25 545 198) | 20.7 | 2.23 (1.88) | 17.9 | 1.78 (1.58) | 21.5 | 2.37 (1.97) |
| Haryana (25 351 462) | 18.7 | 2.05 (1.63) | 16.3 | 1.78 (1.44) | 20.2 | 2.22 (1.75) |
| Jammu and Kashmir (12 541 302) | 17.7 | 2.01 (1.67) | 13.9 | 1.58 (1.39) | 19.4 | 2.18 (1.77) |
| Uttarakhand (10 086 292) | 19.0 | 2.07 (1.60) | 17.1 | 1.80 (1.43) | 20.0 | 2.24 (1.71) |
| Himachal Pradesh (6 864 602) | 15.3 | 1.88 (1.55) | 12.0 | 1.43 (1.15) | 15.7 | 1.92 (1.59) |
| Tripura (3 673 917) | 15.3 | 1.69 (1.55) | 12.7 | 1.40 (1.34) | 16.4 | 1.80 (1.62) |
| Meghalaya (2 966 889) | 24.6 | 3.04 (2.79) | 16.1 | 1.67 (1.57) | 26.7 | 3.47 (3.18) |
| Manipur (2 855 794) | 21.2 | 2.61 (2.33) | 17.5 | 2.14 (1.96) | 23.7 | 2.92 (2.57) |
| Nagaland (1 978 502) | 21.4 | 2.74 (2.35) | 16.3 | 1.78 (1.58) | 24.1 | 3.38 (2.86) |
| Goa (1 458 545) | 12.8 | 1.66 (1.37) | 13.4 | 1.72 (1.37) | 11.7 | 1.55 (1.37) |
| Arunachal Pradesh (1 383 727) | 17.9 | 2.12 (1.64) | 17.0 | 1.69 (1.26) | 18.2 | 2.29 (1.79) |
| Mizoram (1 097 206) | 18.7 | 2.26 (2.15) | 16.9 | 1.97 (1.89) | 21.2 | 2.71 (2.54) |
| Sikkim (610 577) | 11.4 | 1.17 (0.88) | 12.1 | 1.11 (0.82) | 11.1 | 1.21 (0.91) |
| CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate. | ||||||
| State (Population 2011) | Total | Urban | Rural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | |
| Uttar Pradesh (199 812 341) | 20.5 | 2.35 (1.77) | 16.7 | 1.88 (1.49) | 21.8 | 2.50 (1.86) |
| Maharashtra (112 374 333) | 13.8 | 1.71 (1.43) | 12.6 | 1.50 (1.27) | 15.0 | 1.89 (1.58) |
| Bihar (104 099 452) | 25.9 | 2.98 (2.25) | 20.4 | 2.35 (1.88) | 27.0 | 3.11 (2.31) |
| West Bengal (91 276 115) | 15.5 | 1.64 (1.42) | 12.4 | 1.39 (1.24) | 17.0 | 1.73 (1.48) |
| Madhya Pradesh (72 626 809) | 17.2 | 1.99 (1.61) | 13.7 | 1.61 (1.34) | 18.5 | 2.12 (1.69) |
| Tamil Nadu (72 147 030) | 13.7 | 1.76 (1.59) | 12.7 | 1.61 (1.50) | 14.6 | 1.89 (1.66) |
| Rajasthan (68 548 437) | 18.7 | 2.01 (1.61) | 15.3 | 1.67 (1.42) | 19.8 | 2.11 (1.65) |
| Karnataka (61 095 297) | 14.2 | 1.67 (1.38) | 13.2 | 1.50 (1.25) | 14.9 | 1.79 (1.46) |
| Gujarat (60 439 692) | 15.0 | 1.86 (1.53) | 13.3 | 1.65 (1.39) | 16.3 | 2.0 (1.60) |
| Andhra Pradesh (49 386 799) | 13.8 | 1.68 (1.55) | 12.5 | 1.47 (1.36) | 14.3 | 1.78 (1.64) |
| Odisha (41 974 218) | 15.9 | 1.82 (1.52) | 13.1 | 1.48 (1.26) | 16.5 | 1.89 (1.57) |
| Telangana (35 193 978) | 15.3 | 1.75 (1.55) | 16.0 | 1.75 (1.57) | 15.3 | 1.74 (1.54) |
| Kerala (33 406 061) | 11.8 | 1.79 (1.68) | 11.9 | 1.82 (1.71) | 11.6 | 1.76 (1.65) |
| Jharkhand (32 988 134) | 20.2 | 2.26 (1.87) | 14.2 | 1.56 (1.32) | 22.0 | 2.48 (2.04) |
| Assam (31 205 576) | 16.8 | 1.87 (1.56) | 13.1 | 1.50 (1.37) | 17.4 | 1.93 (1.59) |
| Punjab (27 743 338) | 13.3 | 1.63 (1.35) | 12.1 | 1.55 (1.29) | 14.0 | 1.68 (1.38) |
| Chhattisgarh (25 545 198) | 16.4 | 1.82 (1.57) | 13.6 | 1.42 (1.28) | 17.2 | 1.94 (1.66) |
| Haryana (25 351 462) | 16.4 | 1.91 (1.54) | 14.1 | 1.65 (1.38) | 17.5 | 2.04 (1.62) |
| Jammu and Kashmir (12 541 302) | 13.1 | 1.41 (1.3) | ||||
| Uttarakhand (10 086 292) | 16.7 | 1.85 (1.46) | 16.8 | 1.84 (1.47) | 16.6 | 1.86 (1.47) |
| Himachal Pradesh (6 864 602) | 12.7 | 1.66 (1.43) | 11.2 | 1.43 (1.36) | 12.9 | 1.69 (1.44) |
| Tripura (3 673 917) | 14.5 | 1.70 (1.49) | 11.0 | 1.39 (1.29) | 15.8 | 1.81 (1.56) |
| Meghalaya (2 966 889) | 24.2 | 2.91 (2.66) | 14.8 | 1.57 (1.43) | 26.5 | 3.31 (3.04) |
| Manipur (2 855 794) | 17.4 | 2.17 (1.98) | 14.7 | 1.84 (1.73) | 19.1 | 2.38 (2.13) |
| Nagaland (1 978 502) | 15.4 | 1.72 (1.57) | 12.5 | 1.21 (1.13) | 16.8 | 2.00 (1.82) |
| Goa (1 458 545) | 10.3 | 1.30 (1.21) | 10.3 | 1.26 (1.19) | 10.3 | 1.36 (1.24) |
| Arunachal Pradesh (1 383 727) | 16.0 | 1.80 (1.49) | 14.8 | 1.44 (1.24) | 16.2 | 1.88 (1.54) |
| Mizoram (1 097 206) | 15.0 | 1.87 (1.78) | 13.9 | 1.63 (1.56) | 16.4 | 2.19 (2.08) |
| Sikkim (610 577) | 10.2 | 1.05 (0.85) | 7.8 | 0.71 (0.54) | 11.7 | 1.32 (1.11) |
| Delhi | 14.8 | 1.62 (1.29) | 14.6 | 1.60 (1.27) | 23.4 | 2.47 (2.06) |
| CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate. | ||||||
| State or UT | Birth rate | Death rate | Natural growth rate | Infant mortality rate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 15.6 | 15.5 | 15.8 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 11.3 | 10.7 | 12.6 | 25 | 29 | 18 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 17.9 | 18.3 | 16.7 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 5.4 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 11.3 | 46 | 51 | 33 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 20.5 | 22.1 | 14.6 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 2.3 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 12.3 | 31 | 34 | 12 |
| Assam | 23.2 | 24.4 | 15.8 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 5.8 | 14.9 | 15.8 | 10.1 | 58 | 60 | 36 |
| Bihar | 28.1 | 28.8 | 22.0 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 21.3 | 21.8 | 16.4 | 48 | 49 | 38 |
| Chandigarh | 15.6 | 21.6 | 15.0 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 11.6 | 17.9 | 11.0 | 22 | 20 | 23 |
| Chhattisgarh | 25.3 | 26.8 | 18.6 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 6.2 | 17.3 | 18.4 | 12.4 | 51 | 52 | 44 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 26.6 | 26.0 | 28.6 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 3.3 | 21.9 | 20.9 | 25.3 | 38 | 43 | 22 |
| Daman and Diu | 18.8 | 19.1 | 18.3 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 13.9 | 14.2 | 13.6 | 23 | 19 | 29 |
| Delhi | 17.8 | 19.7 | 17.5 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 13.6 | 15.0 | 13.4 | 30 | 37 | 29 |
| Goa | 13.2 | 12.6 | 13.7 | 6.6 | 8.1 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 4.5 | 8.0 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Gujarat | 21.8 | 23.3 | 19.4 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 15.1 | 15.8 | 14.0 | 44 | 51 | 30 |
| Haryana | 22.3 | 23.3 | 19.8 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 15.7 | 16.3 | 14.3 | 48 | 51 | 38 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 16.9 | 17.5 | 11.5 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 4.2 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 7.3 | 40 | 41 | 29 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | 18.3 | 19.5 | 13.5 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 8.8 | 43 | 45 | 32 |
| Jharkhand | 25.3 | 26.7 | 19.3 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 18.3 | 19.3 | 13.9 | 42 | 44 | 30 |
| Karnataka | 19.2 | 20.2 | 17.5 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 38 | 43 | 28 |
| Kerala | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 13 | 14 | 10 |
| Lakshadweep | 14.3 | 15.5 | 13.2 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 6.5 | 25 | 23 | 27 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 27.3 | 29.2 | 20.5 | 8.3 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 18.9 | 20.2 | 14.5 | 62 | 67 | 42 |
| Maharashtra | 17.1 | 17.6 | 16.4 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 5.3 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 28 | 34 | 20 |
| Manipur | 14.9 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 11.3 | 14 | 15 | 9 |
| Meghalaya | 24.5 | 26.6 | 14.8 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 5.6 | 16.6 | 18.2 | 9.2 | 55 | 58 | 37 |
| Mizoram | 17.1 | 21.1 | 13.0 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 3.7 | 12.5 | 15.7 | 9.3 | 37 | 47 | 21 |
| Nagaland | 16.8 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 12.7 | 23 | 24 | 20 |
| Odisha | 20.5 | 21.4 | 15.2 | 8.6 | 9.0 | 6.6 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 8.6 | 61 | 63 | 43 |
| Puducherry | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 22 | 25 | 21 |
| Punjab | 16.6 | 17.2 | 15.6 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 5.8 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 34 | 37 | 28 |
| Rajasthan | 26.7 | 27.9 | 22.9 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 20.0 | 20.9 | 16.9 | 55 | 61 | 31 |
| Sikkim | 17.8 | 18.1 | 16.1 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 3.8 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 30 | 31 | 19 |
| Tamil Nadu | 15.9 | 16.0 | 15.8 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 8.9 | 24 | 25 | 22 |
| Tripura | 14.9 | 15.6 | 11.5 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 5.8 | 27 | 29 | 19 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 28.3 | 29.2 | 24.2 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 6.3 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 17.9 | 61 | 64 | 44 |
| Uttarakhand | 19.3 | 20.2 | 16.2 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 5.1 | 13.0 | 13.5 | 11.1 | 38 | 41 | 25 |
| West Bengal | 16.8 | 18.6 | 11.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 10.7 | 12.6 | 5.6 | 31 | 32 | 25 |
| Year | Male | Female | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 69.8 | 73.5 | 71.6 |
| 2005 | 56.3 | 58 | 57 |
| 2009 | 49 | 52 | —N/a |
| 2014 | 43.7 | 37.90 | 40.7 |
| 2018 | 29.95 | 29.88 | 29.94 |
Ethnic groups
India has many different ethnic groups. Each group has its own culture, language, and traditions. The largest group is the Indo-Aryans. They make up about 78% of the population. The next largest group is the Dravidians, at around 19.6%. Other groups include the Austroasiatic, Tibeto-Burman, and several smaller tribal groups. These groups live in different parts of India, adding to the country's rich cultural diversity.
Population size and structure
Main article: List of States and Union Territories by demographics
India is a very big country with lots of people. Even though it has only a small part of the world's land, more than 18% of all people in the world live there. In 2001, most people lived in about 638,000 villages. Only a few people lived in towns and cities. By 2011, fewer people lived in villages and more lived in towns and cities. In 2010, India's population became larger than the whole continent of Africa. But Africa's population is growing very fast and might become larger than India's soon.
| Category | Global ranking |
|---|---|
| Area | 7th |
| Population | 1st |
| Population growth rate | 102nd of 212 |
| Population density | 24th of 212 |
| Male to Female ratio, at birth | 12th of 214 |
| Census year | Population | Change (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1951 | 361,088,003 | – |
| 1961 | 439,235,000 | 21.6 |
| 1971 | 548,160,000 | 24.8 |
| 1981 | 683,329,000 | 24.7 |
| 1991 | 846,387,888 | 23.9 |
| 2001 | 1,028,737,436 | 21.5 |
| 2011 | 1,210,193,422 | 17.7 |
| Rank | State/UT | Population | Percent (%) | Male | Female | Difference between male and female | Sex ratio | Rural | Urban | Area (km2) | Density (per km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Uttar Pradesh | 199,812,341 | 16.50 | 104,480,510 | 95,331,831 | 9,148,679 | 930 | 155,111,022 | 44,470,455 | 240,928 | 828 |
| 2 | Maharashtra | 112,374,333 | 9.28 | 58,243,056 | 54,131,277 | 4,111,779 | 929 | 61,545,441 | 50,827,531 | 307,713 | 365 |
| 3 | Bihar | 104,099,452 | 8.60 | 54,278,157 | 49,821,295 | 4,456,862 | 918 | 92,075,028 | 11,729,609 | 94,163 | 1,102 |
| 4 | West Bengal | 91,276,115 | 7.54 | 46,809,027 | 44,467,088 | 2,341,939 | 950 | 62,213,676 | 29,134,060 | 88,752 | 1,030 |
| 5 | Madhya Pradesh | 72,626,809 | 6.00 | 37,612,306 | 35,014,503 | 2,597,803 | 931 | 52,537,899 | 20,059,666 | 308,245 | 236 |
| 6 | Tamil Nadu | 72,147,030 | 5.96 | 36,137,975 | 36,009,055 | 128,920 | 996 | 37,189,229 | 34,949,729 | 130,058 | 555 |
| 7 | Rajasthan | 68,548,437 | 5.66 | 35,550,997 | 32,997,440 | 2,553,557 | 928 | 51,540,236 | 17,080,776 | 342,239 | 201 |
| 8 | Karnataka | 61,095,297 | 5.05 | 30,966,657 | 30,128,640 | 838,017 | 973 | 37,552,529 | 23,578,175 | 191,791 | 319 |
| 9 | Gujarat | 60,439,692 | 4.99 | 31,491,260 | 28,948,432 | 2,542,828 | 919 | 34,670,817 | 25,712,811 | 196,024 | 308 |
| 10 | Andhra Pradesh | 49,386,799 | 4.08 | 24,738,068 | 24,648,731 | 89,337 | 996 | 34,776,389 | 14,610,410 | 160,205 | 308 |
| 11 | Odisha | 41,974,218 | 3.47 | 21,212,136 | 20,762,082 | 450,054 | 979 | 34,951,234 | 6,996,124 | 155,707 | 269 |
| 12 | Telangana | 35,193,978 | 2.91 | 17,704,078 | 17,489,900 | 214,178 | 988 | 21,585,313 | 13,608,665 | 114,840 | 307 |
| 13 | Kerala | 33,406,061 | 2.76 | 16,027,412 | 17,378,649 | −1,351,237 | 1084 | 17,445,506 | 15,932,171 | 38,863 | 859 |
| 14 | Jharkhand | 32,988,134 | 2.72 | 16,930,315 | 16,057,819 | 872,496 | 948 | 25,036,946 | 7,929,292 | 79,714 | 414 |
| 15 | Assam | 31,205,576 | 2.58 | 15,939,443 | 15,266,133 | 673,310 | 958 | 26,780,526 | 4,388,756 | 78,438 | 397 |
| 16 | Punjab | 27,743,338 | 2.29 | 14,639,465 | 13,103,873 | 1,535,592 | 895 | 17,316,800 | 10,387,436 | 50,362 | 550 |
| 17 | Chhattisgarh | 25,545,198 | 2.11 | 12,832,895 | 12,712,303 | 120,592 | 991 | 19,603,658 | 5,936,538 | 135,191 | 189 |
| 18 | Haryana | 25,351,462 | 2.09 | 13,494,734 | 11,856,728 | 1,638,006 | 879 | 16,531,493 | 8,821,588 | 44,212 | 573 |
| 19 | Delhi (UT) | 16,787,941 | 1.39 | 8,887,326 | 7,800,615 | 1,086,711 | 868 | 944,727 | 12,905,780 | 1,484 | 11,297 |
| 20 | Jammu and Kashmir | 12,541,302 | 1.04 | 6,640,662 | 5,900,640 | 740,022 | 889 | 9,134,820 | 3,414,106 | 222,236 | 56 |
| 21 | Uttarakhand | 10,086,292 | 0.83 | 5,137,773 | 4,948,519 | 189,254 | 963 | 7,025,583 | 3,091,169 | 53,483 | 189 |
| 22 | Himachal Pradesh | 6,864,602 | 0.57 | 3,481,873 | 3,382,729 | 99,144 | 972 | 6,167,805 | 688,704 | 55,673 | 123 |
| 23 | Tripura | 3,673,917 | 0.30 | 1,874,376 | 1,799,541 | 74,835 | 960 | 2,710,051 | 960,981 | 10,486 | 350 |
| 24 | Meghalaya | 2,966,889 | 0.25 | 1,491,832 | 1,475,057 | 16,775 | 989 | 2,368,971 | 595,036 | 22,429 | 132 |
| 25 | Manipur | 2,855,794 | 0.24 | 1,438,687 | 1,417,107 | 21,580 | 985 | 1,899,624 | 822,132 | 22,327 | 128 |
| 26 | Nagaland | 1,978,502 | 0.16 | 1,024,649 | 953,853 | 70,796 | 931 | 1,406,861 | 573,741 | 16,579 | 119 |
| 27 | Goa | 1,458,545 | 0.12 | 739,140 | 719,405 | 19,735 | 973 | 551,414 | 906,309 | 3,702 | 394 |
| 28 | Arunachal Pradesh | 1,383,727 | 0.11 | 713,912 | 669,815 | 44,097 | 938 | 1,069,165 | 313,446 | 83,743 | 17 |
| 29 | Puducherry (UT) | 1,247,953 | 0.10 | 612,511 | 635,442 | −22,931 | 1037 | 394,341 | 850,123 | 479 | 2,598 |
| 30 | Mizoram | 1,097,206 | 0.09 | 555,339 | 541,867 | 13,472 | 976 | 529,037 | 561,997 | 21,081 | 52 |
| 31 | Chandigarh (UT) | 1,055,450 | 0.09 | 580,663 | 474,787 | 105,876 | 818 | 29,004 | 1,025,682 | 114 | 9,252 |
| 32 | Sikkim | 610,577 | 0.05 | 323,070 | 287,507 | 35,563 | 890 | 455,962 | 151,726 | 7,096 | 86 |
| 33 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands (UT) | 380,581 | 0.03 | 202,871 | 177,710 | 25,161 | 876 | 244,411 | 135,533 | 8,249 | 46 |
| 34 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT) | 343,709 | 0.03 | 193,760 | 149,949 | 43,811 | 774 | 183,024 | 159,829 | 491 | 698 |
| 35 | Daman and Diu (UT) | 243,247 | 0.02 | 150,301 | 92,946 | 57,355 | 618 | 60,331 | 182,580 | 112 | 2,169 |
| 36 | Lakshadweep (UT) | 64,473 | 0.01 | 33,123 | 31,350 | 1,773 | 946 | 14,121 | 50,308 | 32 | 2,013 |
| – | Total (India) | 1,210,854,977 | 100 | 623,724,248 | 586,469,174 | 35,585,741 | 943 | 833,087,662 | 377,105,760 | 3,287,240 | 382 |
| State or UT code | State or UT | Overall (%) | Male (%) | Female (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jammu and Kashmir | 68.74% | 76.75% | 58.01% |
| 2 | Himachal Pradesh | 83.78% | 90.83% | 76.60% |
| 3 | Punjab | 75.84% | 81.48% | 71.34% |
| 4 | Chandigarh | 86.43% | 90.54% | 81.38% |
| 5 | Uttarakhand | 79.63% | 88.33% | 70.70% |
| 6 | Haryana | 76.64% | 85.38% | 66.77% |
| 7 | Delhi | 86.34% | 91.03% | 80.93% |
| 8 | Rajasthan | 67.06% | 80.51% | 52.66% |
| 9 | Uttar Pradesh | 69.72% | 79.24% | 59.26% |
| 10 | Bihar | 63.82% | 73.39% | 53.33% |
| 11 | Sikkim | 82.20% | 87.29% | 76.43% |
| 12 | Arunachal Pradesh | 66.95% | 73.69% | 59.57% |
| 13 | Nagaland | 80.11% | 83.29% | 76.69% |
| 14 | Manipur | 79.85% | 86.49% | 73.17% |
| 15 | Mizoram | 91.58% | 93.72% | 89.40% |
| 16 | Tripura | 87.75% | 92.18% | 83.15% |
| 17 | Meghalaya | 75.48% | 77.17% | 73.78% |
| 18 | Assam | 73.18% | 78.81% | 67.27% |
| 19 | West Bengal | 77.08% | 82.67% | 71.16% |
| 20 | Jharkhand | 67.63% | 78.45% | 56.21% |
| 21 | Odisha | 72.90% | 82.40% | 64.36% |
| 22 | Chhattisgarh | 71.04% | 81.45% | 60.59% |
| 23 | Madhya Pradesh | 70.63% | 80.53% | 60.02% |
| 24 | Gujarat | 79.31% | 87.23% | 70.73% |
| 25 | Daman and Diu | 87.07% | 91.48% | 79.59% |
| 26 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 77.65% | 86.46% | 65.93% |
| 27 | Maharashtra | 83.20% | 89.82% | 75.48% |
| 28 | Andhra Pradesh | 67.35% | 74.77% | 59.96% |
| 29 | Karnataka | 75.60% | 82.85% | 68.13% |
| 30 | Goa | 87.40% | 92.81% | 81.84% |
| 31 | Lakshadweep | 92.28% | 96.11% | 88.25% |
| 32 | Kerala | 93.91% | 96.02% | 91.98% |
| 33 | Tamil Nadu | 80.33% | 86.81% | 73.86% |
| 34 | Puducherry | 86.55% | 92.12% | 81.22% |
| 35 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 86.27% | 90.11% | 81.84% |
| – | Overall (India) | 74.03% | 82.14% | 65.46% |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percentage (%) | Cumulative percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 58,632,074 | 54,174,704 | 112,806,778 | 9.32 | 9.32 |
| 5–9 | 66,300,466 | 60,627,660 | 126,928,126 | 10.48 | 19.8 |
| 10–14 | 69,418,835 | 63,290,377 | 132,709,212 | 10.96 | 30.76 |
| 15–19 | 63,982,396 | 56,544,053 | 120,526,449 | 9.95 | 40.71 |
| 20–24 | 57,584,693 | 53,839,529 | 111,424,222 | 9.20 | 49.91 |
| 25–29 | 51,344,208 | 50,069,757 | 101,413,965 | 8.38 | 58.29 |
| 30–34 | 44,660,674 | 43,934,277 | 88,594,951 | 7.32 | 65.61 |
| 35–39 | 42,919,381 | 42,221,303 | 85,140,684 | 7.03 | 72.64 |
| 40–44 | 37,545,386 | 34,892,726 | 72,438,112 | 5.98 | 78.62 |
| 45–49 | 32,138,114 | 30,180,213 | 62,318,327 | 5.15 | 83.77 |
| 50–54 | 25,843,266 | 23,225,988 | 49,069,254 | 4.05 | 87.82 |
| 55–59 | 19,456,012 | 19,690,043 | 39,146,055 | 3.23 | 91.05 |
| 60–64 | 18,701,749 | 18,961,958 | 37,663,707 | 3.11 | 94.16 |
| 65–69 | 12,944,326 | 13,510,657 | 26,454,983 | 2.18 | 96.34 |
| 70–74 | 9,651,499 | 9,557,343 | 19,208,842 | 1.59 | 97.93 |
| 75–79 | 4,490,603 | 4,741,900 | 9,232,503 | 0.76 | 98.69 |
| 80–84 | 2,927,040 | 3,293,189 | 6,220,229 | 0.51 | 99.2 |
| 85–89 | 1,120,106 | 1,263,061 | 2,383,167 | 0.20 | 99.4 |
| 90–94 | 652,465 | 794,069 | 1,446,534 | 0.12 | 99.52 |
| 95–99 | 294,759 | 338,538 | 633,297 | 0.05 | 99.57 |
| 100+ | 289,325 | 316,453 | 605,778 | 0.05 | 99.62 |
| Unknown | 2,372,881 | 2,116,921 | 4,489,802 | 0.37 | 99.99 |
| Total | 623,270,258 | 587,584,719 | 1,210,854,977 | 100.00 | |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent | |
| 0–14 | 194,351,375 | 178,092,741 | 372,444,116 | 30.76 | |
| 15–64 | 394,175,879 | 373,559,847 | 767,735,726 | 63.40 | |
| 65+ | 32,370,123 | 33,815,210 | 66,185,333 | 5.47 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 664,184,000 | 626,890,000 | 1,291,074,000 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 62,872,000 | 56,038,000 | 118,910,000 | 9.21 |
| 5–9 | 61,499,000 | 56,969,000 | 118,468,000 | 9.18 |
| 10–14 | 65,142,000 | 59,682,000 | 124,824,000 | 9.67 |
| 15–19 | 67,223,000 | 60,871,000 | 128,094,000 | 9.92 |
| 20–24 | 63,521,000 | 57,356,000 | 120,877,000 | 9.36 |
| 25–29 | 57,272,000 | 53,357,000 | 110,629,000 | 8.57 |
| 30–34 | 50,782,000 | 49,250,000 | 100,032,000 | 7.75 |
| 35–39 | 45,318,000 | 44,787,000 | 90,105,000 | 6.98 |
| 40–44 | 41,280,000 | 40,497,000 | 81,777,000 | 6.33 |
| 45–49 | 36,602,000 | 35,107,000 | 71,709,000 | 5.55 |
| 50–54 | 30,738,000 | 29,016,000 | 59,754,000 | 4.63 |
| 55–59 | 24,403,000 | 23,307,000 | 47,710,000 | 3.70 |
| 60–64 | 19,133,000 | 19,288,000 | 38,421,000 | 2.98 |
| 65–69 | 15,198,000 | 16,114,000 | 31,312,000 | 2.43 |
| 70–74 | 11,002,000 | 11,723,000 | 22,725,000 | 1.76 |
| 75–79 | 7,703,000 | 8,367,000 | 16,070,000 | 1.24 |
| 80+ | 4,496,000 | 5,161,000 | 9,657,000 | 0.75 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 189,513,000 | 172,689,000 | 362,202,000 | 28.05 |
| 15–64 | 436,272,000 | 412,836,000 | 849,108,000 | 65.77 |
| 65+ | 38,399,000 | 41,365,000 | 79,764,000 | 6.18 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 700,623,000 | 662,383,000 | 1,363,006,000 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 60,153,000 | 54,120,000 | 114,273,000 | 8.38 |
| 5–9 | 62,276,000 | 55,390,000 | 117,666,000 | 8.63 |
| 10–14 | 61,266,000 | 56,785,000 | 118,051,000 | 8.66 |
| 15–19 | 64,862,000 | 59,420,000 | 124,282,000 | 9.12 |
| 20–24 | 66,770,000 | 60,474,000 | 127,244,000 | 9.34 |
| 25–29 | 62,944,000 | 56,956,000 | 119,900,000 | 8.80 |
| 30–34 | 56,614,000 | 52,961,000 | 109,575,000 | 8.04 |
| 35–39 | 50,027,000 | 48,836,000 | 98,863,000 | 7.25 |
| 40–44 | 44,450,000 | 44,315,000 | 88,765,000 | 6.51 |
| 45–49 | 40,204,000 | 39,903,000 | 80,107,000 | 5.88 |
| 50–54 | 35,235,000 | 34,331,000 | 69,566,000 | 5.10 |
| 55–59 | 29,082,000 | 28,062,000 | 57,144,000 | 4.19 |
| 60–64 | 22,465,000 | 22,079,000 | 44,544,000 | 3.27 |
| 65–69 | 16,823,000 | 17,583,000 | 34,406,000 | 2.52 |
| 70–74 | 12,546,000 | 13,904,000 | 26,450,000 | 1.94 |
| 75–79 | 8,269,000 | 9,294,000 | 17,563,000 | 1.29 |
| 80+ | 6,637,000 | 7,970,000 | 14,607,000 | 1.07 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 183,695,000 | 166,295,000 | 349,990,000 | 25.68 |
| 15–64 | 472,653,000 | 447,337,000 | 919,990,000 | 67.50 |
| 65+ | 44,275,000 | 48,751,000 | 93,026,000 | 6.83 |
| State or UT code | State or UT | Total | Male | Female | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jammu and Kashmir | 2,008,670 | 1,080,662 | 927,982 | 152,680 |
| 2 | Himachal Pradesh | 763,864 | 400,681 | 363,183 | 37,498 |
| 3 | Punjab | 2,941,570 | 1,593,262 | 1,348,308 | 244,954 |
| 4 | Chandigarh | 117,953 | 63,187 | 54,766 | 8,421 |
| 5 | Uttarakhand | 1,328,844 | 704,769 | 624,075 | 80,694 |
| 6 | Haryana | 3,297,724 | 1,802,047 | 1,495,677 | 306,370 |
| 7 | Delhi | 1,970,510 | 1,055,735 | 914,775 | 140,960 |
| 8 | Rajasthan | 10,504,916 | 5,580,212 | 4,924,004 | 656,208 |
| 9 | Uttar Pradesh | 29,728,235 | 15,653,175 | 14,075,060 | 1,578,115 |
| 10 | Bihar | 18,582,229 | 9,615,280 | 8,966,949 | 648,331 |
| 11 | Sikkim | 61,077 | 31,418 | 29,659 | 1,759 |
| 12 | Arunachal Pradesh | 202,759 | 103,430 | 99,330 | 4,100 |
| 13 | Nagaland | 285,981 | 147,111 | 138,870 | 8,241 |
| 14 | Manipur | 353,237 | 182,684 | 170,553 | 12,131 |
| 15 | Mizoram | 165,536 | 83,965 | 81,571 | 2,394 |
| 16 | Tripura | 444,055 | 227,354 | 216,701 | 10,653 |
| 17 | Meghalaya | 555,822 | 282,189 | 273,633 | 8,556 |
| 18 | Assam | 4,511,307 | 2,305,088 | 2,206,219 | 98,869 |
| 19 | West Bengal | 10,112,599 | 5,187,264 | 4,925,335 | 261,929 |
| 20 | Jharkhand | 5,237,582 | 2,695,921 | 2,541,661 | 154,260 |
| 21 | Odisha | 5,035,650 | 2,603,208 | 2,432,442 | 170,766 |
| 22 | Chhattisgarh | 3,584,028 | 1,824,987 | 1,759,041 | 65,946 |
| 23 | Madhya Pradesh | 10,548,295 | 5,516,957 | 5,031,338 | 485,619 |
| 24 | Gujarat | 7,564,464 | 3,974,286 | 3,519,890 | 454,396 |
| 25 | Daman and Diu | 25,880 | 13,556 | 12,314 | 1,242 |
| 26 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 49,196 | 25,575 | 23,621 | 1,954 |
| 27 | Maharashtra | 12,848,375 | 6,822,262 | 6,026,113 | 796,149 |
| 28 | Andhra Pradesh | 8,642,686 | 4,448,330 | 4,194,356 | 253,974 |
| 29 | Karnataka | 6,855,801 | 3,527,844 | 3,327,957 | 199,887 |
| 30 | Goa | 139,495 | 72,669 | 66,826 | 5,843 |
| 31 | Lakshadweep | 7,088 | 3,715 | 3,373 | 342 |
| 32 | Kerala | 3,322,247 | 1,695,889 | 1,626,358 | 69,531 |
| 33 | Tamil Nadu | 6,894,821 | 3,542,351 | 3,352,470 | 189,881 |
| 34 | Puducherry | 127,610 | 64,932 | 62,678 | 2,254 |
| 35 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 39,497 | 20,094 | 19,403 | 691 |
| – | Total (India) | 158,789,287 | 82,952,135 | 75,837,152 | 7,114,983 |
| State or UT code | State or UT | Total | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jammu and Kashmir | – | – | – |
| 2 | Himachal Pradesh | – | – | – |
| 3 | Punjab | – | – | – |
| 4 | Chandigarh | – | – | – |
| 5 | Uttarakhand | – | – | – |
| 6 | Haryana | 22,055,357 | 11,703,083 | 10,352,274 |
| 7 | Delhi | 14,782,725 | 7,920,675 | 6,862,050 |
| 8 | Rajasthan | 58,116,096 | 30,039,874 | 28,076,222 |
| 9 | Uttar Pradesh | 169,853,242 | 88,943,240 | 80,910,002 |
| 10 | Bihar | 85,222,408 | 44,570,067 | 40,652,341 |
| 11 | Sikkim | 546,611 | 290,243 | 256,368 |
| 12 | Arunachal Pradesh | 1,179,852 | 616,802 | 563,050 |
| 13 | Nagaland | 1,694,621 | 878,596 | 816,025 |
| 14 | Manipur | 2,368,519 | 1,187,080 | 1,181,439 |
| 15 | Mizoram | 925,478 | 468,374 | 457,104 |
| 16 | Tripura | 3,226,977 | 1,644,513 | 1,582,464 |
| 17 | Meghalaya | 2,408,185 | 1,210,479 | 1,197,706 |
| 18 | Assam | 26,657,965 | 13,649,839 | 13,008,126 |
| 19 | West Bengal | 81,235,137 | 41,740,125 | 39,495,012 |
| 20 | Jharkhand | 27,728,656 | 14,235,767 | 13,492,889 |
| 21 | Odisha | 36,911,708 | 18,598,470 | 18,313,238 |
| 22 | Chhattisgarh | 21,956,168 | 11,002,928 | 10,953,240 |
| 23 | Madhya Pradesh | 62,049,270 | 32,095,963 | 29,953,307 |
| 24 | Gujarat | 52,889,452 | 27,507,996 | 25,381,456 |
| 25 | Daman and Diu | 217,031 | 136,544 | 80,487 |
| 26 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 293,657 | 167,603 | 126,054 |
| 27 | Maharashtra | 99,524,597 | 51,539,135 | 47,985,462 |
| 28 | Andhra Pradesh | 76,022,847 | 38,061,551 | 37,961,296 |
| 29 | Karnataka | 54,274,903 | 27,529,898 | 26,745,005 |
| 30 | Goa | 1,318,228 | 668,042 | 650,186 |
| 31 | Lakshadweep | 57,341 | 29,391 | 27,950 |
| 32 | Kerala | – | – | – |
| 33 | Tamil Nadu | 65,244,137 | 32,616,520 | 32,627,617 |
| 34 | Puducherry | 1,116,854 | 545,553 | 571,301 |
| 35 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 340,447 | 182,236 | 158,211 |
| – | Total (India) | 1,051,404,135 | 540,772,113 | 510,632,022 |
Religion
Main article: Religion in India
India has many different religions. Most people follow Hinduism. Here are the main religions and the number of people who belong to each one:
There are special charts that show how religions are spread across different age groups and areas.
| Religion | Population | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Hindus | 966,378,868 | 79.80% |
| Muslims | 172,245,158 | 14.23% |
| Christians | 27,819,588 | 2.30% |
| Sikhs | 20,833,116 | 1.72% |
| Buddhists | 8,442,972 | 0.70% |
| Jains | 4,451,753 | 0.37% |
| Others | 7,937,734 | 0.66% |
| Not Stated | 2,867,303 | 0.24% |
| Year | Hindus | Muslims | Christians | Sikhs | Buddhists | Jainis | Zoroastrians | Others/ Religion not specified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951 | 84.1% | 9.8% | 2.3% | 1.79% | 0.74% | 0.46% | 0.13% | 0.43% |
| 1961 | 83.45% | 10.69% | 2.44% | 1.79% | 0.74% | 0.46% | 0.09% | 0.43% |
| 1971 | 82.73% | 11.21% | 2.60% | 1.89% | 0.70% | 0.48% | 0.09% | 0.41% |
| 1981 | 82.30% | 11.75% | 2.44% | 1.92% | 0.70% | 0.47% | 0.09% | 0.42% |
| 1991 | 81.53% | 12.61% | 2.32% | 1.94% | 0.77% | 0.40% | 0.08% | 0.44% |
| 2001 | 80.46% | 13.43% | 2.34% | 1.87% | 0.77% | 0.41% | 0.06% | 0.72% |
| 2011 | 79.80% | 14.23% | 2.30% | 1.72% | 0.70% | 0.37% | —N/a | 0.9% |
| Religious group | Population (2011) % | Growth (2001–2011) | Sex ratio (2011) | Literacy (2011) (%) | Work participation (2011) (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| total | rural | urban | child | |||||
| Hinduism | 79.80% | 16.8% | 939 | 946 | 921 | 913 | 73.3% | 41.0% |
| Islam | 14.23% | 24.6% | 951 | 957 | 941 | 943 | 68.5% | 32.6% |
| Christianity | 2.30% | 15.5% | 1023 | 1008 | 1046 | 958 | 84.5% | 41.9% |
| Sikhism | 1.72% | 8.4% | 903 | 905 | 898 | 828 | 75.4% | 36.3% |
| Buddhism | 0.70% | 6.1% | 965 | 960 | 973 | 933 | 81.3% | 43.1% |
| Jainism | 0.37% | 5.4% | 954 | 935 | 959 | 889 | 94.9% | 35.5% |
| Others/Religion Not Specified | 0.90% | n/a | 959 | 947 | 975 | 974 | n/a | n/a |
Caste/tribe
See also: Caste system in India
India stopped officially counting how many people belong to different castes in 1983. Some information about castes comes from a report made that same year, called the Mandal report.
| Caste/Tribe | Population | Percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 731,000,000 | 100% | |
| Scheduled castes and tribes | 164,913,600 | 22.56% | |
| Scheduled castes | 110,015,500 | 15.05% | |
| Scheduled tribes | 54,898,100 | 7.51% | |
| Non OBC/SC/ST Hindu castes/communities | 128,509,800 | 17.58% | |
| Brahmin (including Bhumihar) | 40,351,200 | 5.52% | |
| Kshtriyas(Rajput) | 28,509,000 | 3.90% | |
| Maratha | 16,155,100 | 2.21% | |
| Jats | 7,310,000 | 1% | |
| Vaishya, Bania, etc. | 13,742,800 | 1.88% | |
| Kayasthas | 7,821,700 | 1.07% | |
| Others [ Including Yadavs (Kshtriyas) ] | 14,620,000 | 2% | |
| Non-Hindu communities and groups | 121,346,000 | 16.6% | |
| Muslim (Non S.T) | 81,798,900 | 11.19% | |
| Christian (Non S.T) | 15,789,600 | 2.16% | |
| Sikh (Non scheduled) | 12,207,700 | 1.67% | |
| Buddhist (Non S.T) | 4,897,700 | 0.67% | |
| Jain (Non scheduled) | 3,435,700 | 0.47% | |
| Other backward classes and communities (OBC) | 380,120,000 | 52% | |
| Hindu OBC | 318,716,000 | 43.60% | |
| Non-Hindu OBC | 61,404,000 | 8.40% | |
Largest cities of India
For a more comprehensive list, see List of cities in India by population.
Largest cities or towns in India | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | State/UT | Pop. | Rank | Name | State/UT | Pop. | ||
| 1 | Mumbai | Maharashtra | 12,478,447 | 11 | Kanpur | Uttar Pradesh | 2,920,067 | ||
| 2 | Delhi | Delhi | 11,007,835 | 12 | Lucknow | Uttar Pradesh | 2,901,474 | ||
| 3 | Chennai | Tamil Nadu | 8,696,010 | 13 | Nagpur | Maharashtra | 2,405,421 | ||
| 4 | Bengaluru | Karnataka | 8,425,970 | 14 | Indore | Madhya Pradesh | 1,960,521 | ||
| 5 | Hyderabad | Telangana | 6,809,970 | 15 | Thane | Maharashtra | 1,818,872 | ||
| 6 | Ahmedabad | Gujarat | 5,570,585 | 16 | Bhopal | Madhya Pradesh | 1,795,648 | ||
| 7 | Kolkata | West Bengal | 4,486,679 | 17 | Visakhapatnam | Andhra Pradesh | 1,730,320 | ||
| 8 | Surat | Gujarat | 4,462,002 | 18 | Pimpri-Chinchwad | Maharashtra | 1,729,359 | ||
| 9 | Pune | Maharashtra | 3,115,431 | 19 | Patna | Bihar | 1,683,200 | ||
| 10 | Jaipur | Rajasthan | 3,073,350 | 20 | Vadodara | Gujarat | 1,670,806 | ||
Charts
Graphs are not available right now because of technical problems. When the problems are fixed, the graphs will be shown again. You can see the data used for the graphs by visiting the links provided.
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