List of Nobel laureates

The Nobel Prizes are special awards given each year to people who do great work in important areas like chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. These prizes began because of a plan made by Alfred Nobel in 1895.

Each winner of a Nobel Prize is called a laureate. They receive a gold medal, a special paper called a diploma, and some money. The amount of money changes each year. In 1968, an extra prize for economics was added thanks to Sveriges Riksbank, which is Sweden's central bank.

These prizes are given out every year on December 10 in Stockholm, the day Alfred Nobel died.

Here is a list of some Nobel laureates from recent years:

Year	Physics	Chemistry	Physiology or Medicine	Literature	Peace	Prize in Economic Sciences
1901	[Wilhelm Röntgen](/wiki/Wilhelm_Röntgen)	[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff](/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_'t_Hoff)	[Emil von Behring](/wiki/Emil_von_Behring)	[Sully Prudhomme](/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme)	[Henry Dunant](/wiki/Henry_Dunant);[Frédéric Passy](/wiki/Frédéric_Passy)	—
1902	[Hendrik Lorentz](/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz);[Pieter Zeeman](/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman)	[Emil Fischer](/wiki/Emil_Fischer)	[Ronald Ross](/wiki/Ronald_Ross)	[Theodor Mommsen](/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen)	[Élie Ducommun](/wiki/Élie_Ducommun);[Charles Albert Gobat](/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat)	—
1903	[Henri Becquerel](/wiki/Henri_Becquerel);[Pierre Curie](/wiki/Pierre_Curie);[Marie Curie](/wiki/Marie_Curie)	[Svante Arrhenius](/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius)	[Niels Ryberg Finsen](/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen)	[Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson](/wiki/Bjørnstjerne_Bjørnson)	[Randal Cremer](/wiki/Randal_Cremer)	—
1904	[Lord Rayleigh](/wiki/John_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh)	[William Ramsay](/wiki/William_Ramsay)	[Ivan Pavlov](/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov)	[Frédéric Mistral](/wiki/Frédéric_Mistral);[José Echegaray](/wiki/José_Echegaray)	[Institut de Droit International](/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International)	—
1905	[Philipp Lenard](/wiki/Philipp_Lenard)	[Adolf von Baeyer](/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer)	[Robert Koch](/wiki/Robert_Koch)	[Henryk Sienkiewicz](/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz)	[Bertha von Suttner](/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner)	—
2012	[Serge Haroche](/wiki/Serge_Haroche);[David J. Wineland](/wiki/David_J._Wineland)	[Brian K. Kobilka](/wiki/Brian_Kobilka);[Robert J. Lefkowitz](/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz)	[John B. Gurdon](/wiki/John_Gurdon);[Shinya Yamanaka](/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka)	[Mo Yan](/wiki/Mo_Yan)	[European Union](/wiki/European_Union)	[Alvin E. Roth](/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth);[Lloyd S. Shapley](/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley)
2013	[François Englert](/wiki/François_Englert);[Peter W. Higgs](/wiki/Peter_Higgs)	[Martin Karplus](/wiki/Martin_Karplus);[Michael Levitt](/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist));[Arieh Warshel](/wiki/Arieh_Warshel)	[James E. Rothman](/wiki/James_Rothman);[Randy W. Schekman](/wiki/Randy_W._Schekman);[Thomas C. Südhof](/wiki/Thomas_C._Südhof)	[Alice Munro](/wiki/Alice_Munro)	[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons](/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons)	[Eugene F. Fama](/wiki/Eugene_Fama);[Lars Peter Hansen](/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen);[Robert J. Shiller](/wiki/Robert_Shiller)
2014	[Isamu Akasaki](/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki);[Hiroshi Amano](/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano);[Shuji Nakamura](/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura)	[Eric Betzig](/wiki/Eric_Betzig);[Stefan Hell](/wiki/Stefan_Hell);[William Moerner](/wiki/William_Moerner)	[John O'Keefe](/wiki/John_O'Keefe_(neuroscientist));[May-Britt Moser](/wiki/May-Britt_Moser);[Edvard Moser](/wiki/Edvard_Moser)	[Patrick Modiano](/wiki/Patrick_Modiano)	[Kailash Satyarthi](/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi);[Malala Yousafzai](/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai)	[Jean Tirole](/wiki/Jean_Tirole)
2024	[John Hopfield](/wiki/John_Hopfield);[Geoffrey Hinton](/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton)	[David Baker](/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist));[Demis Hassabis](/wiki/Demis_Hassabis);[John M. Jumper](/wiki/John_M._Jumper)	[Victor Ambros](/wiki/Victor_Ambros);[Gary Ruvkun](/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun)	[Han Kang](/wiki/Han_Kang)	[Nihon Hidankyo](/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo)	[Daron Acemoglu](/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu);[Simon Johnson](/wiki/Simon_Johnson_(economist));[James A. Robinson](/wiki/James_A._Robinson)

The Nobel Committee keeps the nominees secret for 50 years. After that time, the lists become public. This rule helps make sure the decisions are fair and not influenced by guesses or opinions.

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