Russia at the Olympics

Russia, officially called the Russian Federation, has taken part in the modern Olympic Games many times, but under different names throughout its history. First, as the Russian Empire, the country joined the Olympics in the year 1900 and came back in 1908 and 1912. Then, after a break of forty years, Russian athletes returned as part of the Soviet Union in 1952. When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, Russia joined with other former Soviet countries as the Unified Team in 1992, and later competed as Russia starting in the 1994 Winter Olympics.

The Russian Olympic Committee began in 1991 and gained official recognition in 1993. The Soviet Union held the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and Russia hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

From 1994 to 2016, Russian athletes won 422 medals in the Summer Olympics and 120 in the Winter Olympics, totaling 542 medals. This includes 193 gold medals, placing Russia second only to the United States during that time.

In 2017, Russia was not allowed to compete in the Olympics because of a big problem with unfair practices, known as doping. In 2018, some Russian athletes could compete as Olympic Athletes from Russia, and later as the Russian Olympic Committee in 2020 and 2022. Because of the conflict in Ukraine, Russian athletes were allowed to compete in the 2024 and 2026 Olympics as Individual Neutral Athletes.

Hosted Games

Russia has hosted the Olympic Games twice. The first time was in Moscow during the 1980 Summer Games, when Russia was part of the Soviet Union. The second time was in Sochi during the 2014 Winter Games, when Russia was known as the Russian Federation.

Games	Host city	Dates	Nations	Participants	Events
1980 Summer Olympics	Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	19 July–3 August	80	5,179	203
2014 Winter Olympics	Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russian Federation	7–23 February	88	2,873	98

Participation

Timeline of participation

Combined medals

The Russian Federation, the Russian Empire, the Olympic Athletes from Russia, and the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) are sometimes grouped together when talking about medals. The Soviet Union is often grouped with the post-union team from 1992. Some people combine the Soviet Union and Russia in their medal counts, even though many countries like Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan became separate nations and helped the USSR win medals.

On 31 January 1992, the United Nations agreed that Russia took over the rights and duties of the former Soviet Union, but this does not change how medals are counted.

Athletes from Russia who competed without a flag as Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN) at the 2024 Summer and the 2026 Winter Olympics are also part of the medal counts.

Medal counts:
Russia combined with precursors and Russian delegations
status after the 2026 Olympics

Note: Neutral Russian athletes that competed as AIN at the 2024 Summer and the 2026 Winter Olympics are also included in the table.

Olympic Year/s	Teams
1900–1912	Russian Empire
1920–1936
1952–1988	Soviet Union
1992	Unified Team
1994	Russia	Belarus
1996–2012		Belarus
2014–2016		Belarus
2018	Olympic Athletes from Russia
2020–2022	Russian Olympic Committee
2024–present	Individual Neutral Athletes

	Summer Games					Winter Games					Combined total
Team (IOC code)	No.				Total	No.				Total	No.				Total
Russia	6	147	125	150	422	6	45	39	34	118	12	192	164	184	540
Russian Empire	3	1	4	3	8	0	0	0	0	0	3	1	4	3	8
Soviet Union	9	395	319	296	1010	9	78	57	59	194	18	473	376	355	1204
Unified Team	1	45	38	29	112	1	9	6	8	23	2	54	44	37	135
Olympic Athletes from Russia	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	6	9	17	1	2	6	9	17
ROC	1	20	28	23	71	1	5	12	15	32	2	25	40	38	103
Individual Neutral Athletes	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	2	0	2	0	2
Total	21	608	515	501	1624	19	139	121	125	385	40	747	636	626	2009

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Host country

Medals by Summer Sports

Leading in that sport

Medals by Winter Sports